Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey

In this study, fruit quality characteristics of some cultivars and types of fig (Ficus carica L.) were determined in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey, which has a Mediterranean climate. The main fig cultivars grown in Turkey (‘Sarilop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Yediveren’, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’, ‘Sari Zeybek’, and ‘Ufak Yesil’) were evaluated along with 24 selections from a larger collection from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Several pomological characteristics of the genotypes were determined on 5-year-old trees during the 2001 and 2002 growing season. Averaged over the 2 years, fruit weight ranged between 22 and 52 g, total soluble solids content (TSS) ranged between 20.1 and 27.4%, and acidity ranged between 0.09 and 0.26%. ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, 31-IN-17, 31-IN-11 and 31-IN-09 produced the largest fruits in terms of fruit weight and dimensions. 31-IN-01, 31-IN-02, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’ and ‘Ufak Yesil’ had the highest TSS. ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’ and 31-IN-16 scored the highest in overall quality according to the weighted ranked method. Based on the results obtained ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’ and 31-IN-16 could be alternatives to ‘Bursa Siyahi’, currently the most favored fresh table fig cultivar. These alternatives appear to have potential for both local consumption and export markets. Our results also indicate extensive diversity among Turkish figs permitting marketing of a broad range of fresh fig traits.     

榕小蜂Camarothorax bimasculinus雄性多型现象的研究

对大叶榕榕果中寄生的非传粉小蜂Camarothorax bimasculinus进行显微观察与形态比较,结果表明该小蜂具有雄性多型现象,其雄蜂具有翅和无翅两种类型。有翅型雄蜂与雌蜂外形较相似,复眼发达,具翅两对,能够在榕果外与雌虫交配;无翅型雄蜂与雌蜂外形差异较大,复眼退化,无翅,在榕果内与雌虫交配,存活寿命比有翅型雄蜂短。     

榕树烂皮病病原及流行原因初步研究

本文首次对引起我省部分城区榕树烂皮病的病原菌进行了分离鉴定，初步认为病原菌为担子菌Septobasidium sp.，同时对该病的发生及流行原因进行了探讨。     

稻曲病产量损失测定及调查测报因子研究

稻曲病是水稻穗部的重要真菌性病害。本研究分析了13个供试水稻品种每穗稻曲病病粒数与水稻产量损失的线性关系,根据每个品种线性方程及南方稻区实际情况,得出了田间稻曲病经济允许水平、成灾因子,即平均每穗病粒数分别为0.57、5.44粒。     

Genetic analysis of Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers

Genetic diversity of forty fig cultivars collected from five regions in Tunisia was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 342 reproducible bands amplified with six AFLP primer combinations were obtained. The high percentage of polymorphic bands (%PB) of 97.5 and the resolving power (Rp) collective rate value of 143 were scored. In addition, the polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.61 to 0.87 with an average of 0.77. Although cluster (UPGMA) and principal components analyses indicate that the cultivars’ clustering made independently both from the geographical origin, horticultural classifications and/or from the sex of trees. In addition, the observed variation suggests considerable differentiation among fig cultivars. The present data supports the common origin of the fig cultivars. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that average Φ_ST value overall loci was 0.026, and the overall distribution pattern of molecular variation indicated that about 97.43% of the total variance was accounted by the within-region variance component. The remaining 2.5% (P < 0.001) of the variation was founded among cultivars of the prospected regions. Our results proved that AFLP markers are useful for germplasm discrimination as well as for investigation of fig patterns variation. The information may be useful to define conservation management program.     

干旱胁迫对琴叶榕生长和生理特性的影响

以1a生组培琴叶榕盆栽苗为试材,控水模拟不同土壤水分状况,探讨不同程度干旱胁迫对琴叶榕叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的提高,琴叶榕株高、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量均呈现下降趋势;脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量都随着干旱胁迫程度的加强而显著升高;POD活性随干旱胁迫的加强而升高;SOD活性在轻度和中度干旱下上升,在严重干旱胁迫时反而下降。     

回归方程法测定地果单叶面积研究

在利用扫描仅和photoshop获取标准面积纸片象素的基础上,确定在扫描仪分辨率为300 dpi、文件存贮格式为JPG、用photoshop显示照片的缩放比例为50%时,1 dpi=1/3600cm2.利用上述结论,对20个样地的200片地果(Rcus tikoua Bur)单叶分别测定了叶长L、叶宽W和叶面积A,并对Ficus tikoua Bur的单叶长L、宽W、叶长与其面积A之间的相关关系进行了分析.结果表明:椭圆形叶的单叶面积A与叶片长、叶片W呈极为显著的正相关关系,回归方程为方程:A=1.358L 5.156W-10.72,R2=0.944.这个方程对于野外测量地果种群的叶片总面积、估算地果的叶面积指数(LAI)具有实际价值.     

稻曲病的接种技术研究

 探索在田间条件下进行稻曲病的人工接种技术。通过比较3种接种体发现,上年保存于-20℃的厚垣孢子不能引起发病;用PS液体培养获得的薄壁分生孢子可引起发病,孢子浓度越高引起病穗率越高;菌丝片段-分生孢子混合液接种发病最严重。病原菌的培养菌龄对接种效果有影响。在水稻的3个时期接种,以抽穗破口前6~9d的效果最好。在一天的3个时段接种,以下午4~6时的病情最重。在接种液里添加马铃薯煮汁可显著提高接种发病率。本文的接种技术能高效引发稻曲病,最高穗发病率100%,最大病情指数93.96,最多穗病粒数110粒。该接种技术可鉴别出品种抗病性的差异。     

稻曲病菌无性孢子萌发及在不同培养基上生长特性

采用不同的培养基研究稻曲病菌孢子萌发及病菌生长特性.结果表明,稻曲病菌厚垣孢子和分生孢子在蒸馏水和2%蔗糖溶液中3h不能萌发;6h时分生孢子、厚垣孢子分别萌发产生次生分生孢子和分生孢子;新采集的黄色和黑色稻曲球上的厚垣孢子在2%蔗糖溶液中的萌发率均高于其在蒸馏水中的萌发率.供试的9种固体培养基中,以马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)最适于病原菌生长.生长速率为2.54 mm/天;病菌在7种培养液中振荡培养7天后,在马铃薯葡萄糖培养液(PDB)中菌丝干重最大,达24.5mg/mL,在大米汁和马铃薯蔗糖培养液(PSB)中产生的分生孢子量最多,孢子浓度分别为2.63×107和2.28×107个/mL;而固、液态的Czapek、稻秆汁和胁本哲氏培养基均不适宜于稻曲病菌的培养.     

糖对稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子萌发的影响

 以琼脂平板为萌发基质,测定了10种糖化合物(木糖、果糖、山梨糖、核糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、乳糖和蔗糖)对稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子萌发的影响。结果发现,在浓度为1%时,除蔗糖外,其余9种糖对孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中木糖、果糖、山梨糖和核糖的抑制作用强烈;孢子经木糖或果糖处理6h后,并未丧失活力;多种糖混合仍表现为抑制孢子萌发。当各种糖与起刺激作用的马铃薯煮汁分别混合时,表现出明显相反的两种效应,一是马铃薯汁的刺激作用可掩盖甘露糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、乳糖和蔗糖的抑制作用;二是木糖、果糖、山梨糖和核糖的抑制作用可掩盖马铃薯汁的刺激作用。表明外源糖化合物及某些生命活性物质可影响薄壁分生孢子萌发。