O-GlcNAc修饰水平变化对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

旨在探究O-β-N-乙酰葡糖胺(O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine, O-GlcNAc)修饰水平变化对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。本研究以牛卵母细胞为研究对象,检测O-GlcNAc转移酶(O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT)、O-GlcNAc糖苷酶(O-GlcNAcase, OGA)及O-GlcNAc蛋白在牛体外成熟卵母细胞中的分布;将卵丘-卵母细胞复合体分别在添加4 mmol·L^-1 OGT抑制剂BADGP和100μmol·L^-1 OGA抑制剂PUGNAc的体外成熟液中进行体外成熟,将未添加组作为对照组,分别统计各组卵母细胞第一极体排出率和体外受精胚胎发育率,并采用荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测O-GlcNAc蛋白、OGT、OGA、GFAT和TXNIP的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果表明,OGT和O-GlcNAc蛋白共定位于牛体外成熟卵母细胞的细胞质和细胞核中,而OGA和O-GlcNAc蛋白共定位于体外成熟卵母细胞的细胞质中,且相对集中在卵母细胞的皮质区。与对照组相比,BADGP处理组和...     

玉米秸秆基吸油材料的制备与表征

以玉米秸秆(RCS)为原料,经氨水预处理得预处理玉米秸秆(PCS),再经乙酸酐酯化改性制备改性玉米秸秆(ECS)吸油材料,并考察不同酯化条件对产物吸油性能的影响。结果表明:RCS、PCS(预处理6 h)对0~#柴油的吸收倍率分别为1.90和4.43 g/g;以冰乙酸为溶剂,冰乙酸与乙酸酐质量比为1∶1,秸秆与冰乙酸-乙酸酐混合液的质量比为1∶15,催化剂浓硫酸用量为4.5%(以秸秆质量计),反应温度为110℃条件下,酯化反应5 h所得改性产物ECS的吸油率可达9.03 g/g,且ECS疏水性和漂浮性能均得到显著改善。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET等方法对预处理前后及酯化改性后秸秆进行了分析与表征。结果表明:酯化反应已顺利进行,酯化改性后秸秆呈非晶态,ECS呈均匀的介孔结构,介孔及粗糙表面的出现提高了材料的吸油率和漂浮性能。     

Reduction of some toxicants in Icacina mannii by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of fermentation on the level of some toxic components (hydrocyanic acid, phytic acid and oxalic acid) of Icacina mannii paste was investigated. The results indicate that fermentation caused a decrease in the level of these toxicants ranging from 178 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg for hydrocyanic acid, 638 mg/kg to 463 mg/kg for oxalic acid and 49 mg/kg to 21 mg/kg for phytic acid. When the paste was supplemented with acitve cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae there was a marked decrease in the level of the three toxicants ranging from 84 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg for hydrocyanic acid, 374 mg/kg to 88 mg/kg for oxalic acid and 24 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg for phytic acid. Supplementing the paste with yeast cells at a concentration of 7.5 g/kg before fermenting, resulted in approximately a 90% reduction in the level of the three toxic compounds after 144 hours of fermentation.     

储罐自动脱水器在原油脱水中的应用

针对吐哈原油库脱水工艺存在的问题,提出了改进原有工艺,在隔油池进口处增设一台储油罐自动脱水器的新技术,并介绍了储油罐自动脱水器的工作原理、结构特点和相关运行管理措施,总结了使用效果中存在的问题,给出了相应的建议。     

An In Vitro Investigation into the Effects of a Marine-Derived,Multimineral Supplement in Simulated Equine Stomach and Hindgut Environments

Management of the performance horse often incorporates meal feeding of highly digestible starches and reduced access to high-fiber forage. Such regimens are associated with equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) and can alter hindgut homeostasis. In-feed buffering of gastric contents and promotion of energy derivation from high-fiber forage in the hindgut are therefore desirable properties of a nutritional supplement. A marine-derived, multimineral supplement with known buffering properties containing calcium, magnesium, and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) was tested under in vitro simulations of equine stomach and hindgut conditions. Six fiber:concentrate diets were incubated for 4 hours with or without the supplement at 37°C in pepsin HCl solution adjusted to pH 4.1 and 2.6. pH was measured at 1, 2, and 4 hours postincubation. Highest overall pH values were observed with the high cereal feeds; however, the supplement significantly increased (P < .001) the pH across all feeds by 0.17 and 0.19 for feeds incubated at pH 4.1 and 2.6, respectively. A gas production technique was used to measure the fermentation of four fiber:concentrate diets with and without additional supplement, using equine feces as the microbial inoculum. Addition of the supplement decreased (P < .05) the lag time and increased the initial fermentation rate, although as the incubation continued, this effect was reduced. These results demonstrate that the supplement had a significant buffering action for 4-6 hours under simulated in vitro stomach digestion conditions and also stimulated in vitro hindgut fermentation activities.     

Case study: Treatment of oral and locomotory stereotypic behaviors in a mature sow

A 32-month-old female 225-kg nonpregnant cross-bred Newsham sow presented a 6-week history of stereotypic behaviors when housed in a laboratory research facility. A behavioral examination over 12 daylight hours revealed 3 main stereotypic motor patterns, namely (1) oral-nasal gate manipulation defined as placement of the snout between the bars of the pen gate with repetitive, forceful up and down movement; (2) head weaving defined as repetitive lateral head and snout movement toward the pen gates while rocking back and forth on her forequarters with hooves remaining on ground at all times; and (3) body weaving defined as repetitive shifting of body weight from one side to the other with front hooves lifting alternately off the ground. The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 4.0%, 12.4%, and 6.8% of her total baseline time budget, respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was oral-nasal and locomotory stereotypies. Three treatments were used to mitigate the duration and frequency of these stereotypic behaviors. Treatment 1—Social treatment (change social stimuli by providing visual and nose-to-nose contact with different neighboring sows); Treatment 2—Forage treatment (change foraging substrates by providing peat moss as a rooting substrate); and Treatment 3—Space treatment (change pen configuration by increasing space). The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of her total time budget, respectively; social treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.9%, 15.3%, and 11.3% of her total time budget, respectively; and forage treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.5%, 28.0%, and 15.5% of her total time budget, respectively. This study is one of the first reports to evaluate the treatment of established stereotypies in a mature sow. Results suggest the promise of environmental enrichment as an effective treatment strategy. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these behavioral changes and relative importance of different environmental manipulations provided.     

提高蛋白质乳化功能性的研究

蛋白质是食品加工中的重要原料,其乳化性对食品品质非常重要。本文综述了通过物理改性、化学改性、生物酶法改性、基因工程改性及复合改性等方法技术来提高食品蛋白质的乳化功能性,并为今后食品蛋白质加工过程中利用改性方法来提高乳化性提供一定理论基础和新的思路。     

新型漆酚铁树脂修饰的固体传感器的制备及应用

研究了一种用漆酚铁树脂进行化学修饰的固体传感器的制备方法,并初步探讨了其提高金属离子测定灵敏度的机理。在HOAc+NaOAc和KNO3混合介质中,该传感器测定铜离子的线性范围为4×10-9mol/L至2.5×10-7mol/L之间,富集20min后铜离子的检出限为8×10-11mol/L。用于实际水样的测定,平均回收率可达99.10%,结果满意。     

长链硅烷改性杨木纤维的制备及其表征

分别以十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDS)和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟十七烷三甲基氧硅烷(FDS)为改性剂、乙醇/水溶液为分散介质,采用浸渍法和喷雾法对杨木纤维(PWF)表面改性,制得HDS浸渍改性杨木纤维(HPWF)、FDS浸渍改性杨木纤维(FPWF1)和FDS喷雾改性杨木纤维(FPWF2)。考察了溶剂配比、硅烷用量、硅烷水解温度和时间、反应温度及反应时间等因素对PWF表面改性效果的影响,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、接触角测量、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱(EDS)及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法表征了改性前后PWF的结构与表面性能,结果表明:在乙醇质量分数60%乙醇/水溶液中以HDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.4∶1、HDS于60℃水解1 h,再与PWF于60℃反应1 h,所得HPWF的表面接触角达139°;在乙醇质量分数50%乙醇/水溶液中以FDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.16∶1、FDS于60℃水解1 h,再与PWF于60℃反应1 h,所得FPWF1的表面接触角达141°;FDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.008∶1,经喷雾搅拌使纤维表面润湿后于120℃活化反应1.5 h,所得FPWF2的表面接触角达138°。与浸渍法相比,喷雾法具有硅烷用量小、工艺简单、清洁高效等特点。此外,改性后杨木纤维的结晶度提高(由62.1%提高到67.7%~69.7%),表面变得粗糙,比表面积增加,表面极性降低,疏水性能显著提高,有利于改善与疏水性基体树脂的界面相容性与粘结作用。