芜菁夜蛾线虫在防治桃小食心虫上的应用

应用芜菁夜蛾线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｆｅｌｔｉａｅ ａｇｒｏｔｅｓ防治桃小食心虫Ｃａｒｐｏｓｉｎａ ｎｉｐｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗａｌｓｉｎｇｈａｍ的研究表明，线虫寄生桃小的温湿度范围：温度２０℃－３５℃，土壤含水量７％－１５％，以温度２５－３０℃，含水量１０％左右致死速度最快。此特性与桃小越冬幼虫出土所需求的条件相一致，肯定了应用线虫防治桃小在出土期为宜，线虫的施用量为每ｍ＾２６０－８０万头，持续     

早熟和特早熟桃胚珠培养研究

本文以自然授粉的‘春蕾’、‘沪017’、‘布目早生’、‘1-4-8’、‘7-6-9’的胚珠为试材,研究了早熟和特早熟桃胚珠培养胚成苗的有关影响因素。本试验5个品种(品系)的结果表明,桃品种或品系的果实生育期愈短,胚珠培养胚的成苗率愈高,特早熟桃‘春蕾’花后48天的胚珠培养在改良S H培养基附加BA1.0mg/1 IAA1.0mg/1上30天,将长大的幼胚转移至TM培养基上,胚的成苗率达75％。此外,作者对胚珠培养技术在桃育种中的应用范围及其培养程序开展了讨论。     

Forecasting Infections of the Leaf Curl Disease on Peaches Caused by Taphrina deformans

An Israeli model forecasting leaf curl disease on peaches caused by Taphrina deformans was validated in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, during a three-year period (1996–1998), in 13 cases (year × location × cultivar). When the peach trees are susceptible to infection, the model uses mathematical functions to calculate the risk of infection on the basis of weather conditions (daily rainfall greater than 10mm, and maximum air temperature greater than 5°C), and it forecasts periods of possible symptom appearance based on the length of incubation. Peach trees became susceptible to infection between the end of January and mid March, when the first leaf buds attained phenological stage C, i.e. appearance of leaf apex. The trees remained susceptible for at least 9 weeks: the last infection occurred in mid-May.Since most of the leaf curl onsets observed in the orchards fell within the range of model forecasts, the model proved to be accurate in signalling both the first seasonal infection and repeated infections during the primary inoculum season. Few errors occurred, caused either by conditions of rainfall and temperature lower than the thresholds fixed in the model, or by discrepancies between forecast and actual length of incubation. Infection occurred also at 3.1–3.5°C, and with 9.6mm rainfall. Thus, thresholds should not be accepted too rigorously, and perhaps temperature should not be considered as a limiting factor for infection under the conditions of the present work. The length of incubation showed high variability: it was 23 days long on average, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 20 to 27 days, and extreme values of 9 and 33 days.     

Molecular characterization of Miraflores peach variety and relatives using SSRs

Some traditional peach varieties, originated from the region of Aragón (Spain), were analysed by SSRs (simple sequence repeats). The aim of this research was to characterize 19 clones related to Miraflores variety, with unknown pedigrees, to assess their genetic diversity and to elucidate their possible relationships with 10 traditional peach varieties. Twenty SSR primer pairs with high levels of polymorphism, which have been previously developed for peach, were used in this study. A total of 46 alleles were obtained for all the microsatellites studied, ranging from one to six alleles per locus, with a mean value of 2.3 alleles per locus. Fourteen SSRs were polymorphic in the set of varieties studied and permitted to distinguish 16 different genotypes out of the 30 initially studied, although fourteen ‘Miraflores’ clones showed identical gel profiles. The genetic distance matrix was used to construct neighbor joining cluster and to perform principal coordinate analysis which allowed the arrangement of all the genotypes according to their genetic relationships. The genetic relationships among these traditional peach varieties, and in particular among ‘Miraflores’ clones are discussed. The obtained results confirm that microsatellite markers are very useful for these purpose.     

桃树废弃幼果的利用

利用春天桃树疏果时疏下来的小桃为原料，借鉴了南方蜜饯的制作特点，研制开发出３种风味独特的低糖桃脯，并介绍了它们的工艺流程和操作要点，具有良好的开发前景．     

桃树果实贮存水的动态变化

通过对盆栽桃树果实贮存水运转动态的数学模拟发现，果实的贮存水汇入蒸腾流的最大量只占全天茎流总量的1．4％左右。白天，贮存水从果实汇入蒸腾流；晚上，由树干流入果实。晴天贮存水的变化明显大于阴天，其变化规律与水势的变化相一致，而水势的变化又主要是由太阳辐射的变化引起的。     

菌根剂对桃、李、柰果实重量及病虫抗性的影响

为探索果树采用何种施肥方法 ,具较好经济效益 ,在桃、李、柰等果树上 ,选择Pt菌根剂、超大生物菌肥、肥力高和常规施用复合肥进行比较实验 ,发现Pt菌根剂具有较好经济效益。     

马尾松防火道及果园化学除草试验初报

在马尾松的防火道上用5％森泰颗粒剂和25％森泰水剂、在桃树果园用65％草甘膦和41％春多多进行除草试验。结果表明：马尾松防火道用18．75kg／hm^2的森泰颗粒剂处理效果较好；桃树果园则以1500g／hm^2的草甘膦处理效果最好。     

土壤含水量对三种阔叶树苗光合作用的影响

研究了在温室内用盆栽法,其土壤含水量对茶条槭、山梨和山桃三种阔叶树苗光合作用的影响,以及各树种在土壤相对含水量为75.0%时光合作用的日变化.     

Influence of host plant species on the development and reproduction of hawthorn spider mites

A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach, plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r _m ), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted in the third generation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)]