农用有机硅助剂对全雌性旱黄瓜诱雄效果影响的研究

以全雌性旱黄瓜品种为试验材料,研究不同化学药剂（赤霉素、硝酸银、硫代硫酸银）及其不同使用浓度,结合有机硅助剂,分别两次处理4叶期、6叶期雌性系黄瓜幼苗,以每种诱雄药剂不加有机硅助剂为对照,观察各处理植株前15节的诱雄效果。结果表明,三种药剂均能够在一定程度上起到诱导雄花的效果,但是相同浓度下加入有机硅处理的各组叶片伤害程度较轻,采种量也较大,效果最好的组合是300mg／L硝酸银加有机硅助剂的一组。     

鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法雌性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果高剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平、性器官脏器指数显著高于空白对照组;中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的子宫外径显著高于空白对照组。结论灌胃给药12mg/kg鹿茸时,可使雌二醇含量增高,促进雌性器官生长发育,增强雌性昆明小鼠生殖功能。     

早生黄金梨雌雄性细胞发育及其对应关系

以早生黄金梨为试材,运用石蜡切片法对雌雄性细胞的发育进行细胞学观察,探讨了它们的发育规律及其与外部形态的相关性。结果表明,1)早生黄金梨的花药为4室;药壁发育属双子叶型;腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型;开花前7～9d花粉成熟,成熟花粉为2-细胞型。2)大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4个大孢子呈直线排列,其中合点端的大孢子具功能,经过3次分裂后,于开花当天形成成熟八核胚囊;胚囊发育属蓼型。3)在发育过程中,不仅雌雄性细胞的形成之间有比较稳定的对应关系,而且它们与花芽或花的外部形态特征之间也有着相对稳定的关系。根据它们的时序性对应关系,可以通过花芽或花的外部形态特征来对其内部的性细胞发育进程进行即时判别。     

呕吐毒素对母兔繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在评价日粮中呕吐毒素对母兔性能的影响。选择12月龄新西兰空怀经产母兔100只,随机分为5组,每组20只,分别饲喂呕吐毒素含量为100μg/kg、300μg/kg、400μg/kg、700μg/kg、900μg/kg的日粮,评估其对母兔繁殖性能的影响。结果显示,随着日粮中呕吐毒素含量的升高,会造成母兔流产率升高;产仔数、产活仔数、初生个体重均出现显著下降。结果表明,母兔对呕吐毒素是非常敏感的,日粮中呕吐毒素含量达到700μg/kg时,母兔繁殖性能发生显著下降,建议母兔日粮中呕吐毒素控制在700μg/kg内。     

母猪发情行为变化过程与最佳人工授精(AI)时间

从激素生理调控机制说明和理解母猪发情行为变化。抓住头次静立，确定输精时间是人工授精成功的关键。     

光敏感雌性不育苎麻的光周期反应特性研究

光周期敏感雌性不育苎麻(PFSR)头、二、三麻均能成花, 但头、二麻雌性败育, 三麻雌性可育, 雄性发育正常, 年度间表现稳定. 对其光周期特性研究分析表明: (1) 6至7月, PFSR雌性育性转换的临界日长在13.0 h/d至13.5 h/d之间, 败育发生早而彻底; (2) 经SD+LD和LD+SD处理, 雌性表现为相邻节位间由可育到不育或不育到可育的跃变,     

Statistical discrimination between pollen tube growth and seed set in establishing self incompatibility in Gaura lindheimeri 1

The University of Minnesota Gaura breeding program is developing USDA Z3-4 winter-hardy genotypes via interspecific hybridization of G. lindheimeri (Z5-6) and G. coccinea (Z2-4). Prior to commencing interspecific hybridization, the reproductive barriers operating in both parental species need to be characterized. The objective of this research was to determine the type and stability of reproductive barriers operating in G. lindheimeri by statistical comparisons between pollen tube growth and seed set in a full-sib diallel. Slowed or aborted pollen tube growth in the style indicated the presence of a gametophytic self incompatibility (SI) system. A statistical method, female (FCC) and male (MCC) coefficients of crossability, was used to verify that a stable SI system was operating and that other reproductive barriers were present. Several genotypes also expressed stage-specific inbreeding depression and incongruity. The simple linear regression equation for FCC/MCC, using pollen tube growth, was Y = 0.0124 + 0.974X, which was much closer to the expected Y = 0.0 + 1.0X (indicating a stable SI system) than the equation for seed set, Y = 0.012 + 0.910X. Using pollen tube length, both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) values were highly significant for G. lindheimeri (P ≤ 0.001). Histograms were used to delineate cut-offs to identify intra-incompatible/inter-compatible classes and S allele groups. Four possible classes were identified, but further research is needed to verify S allele genotypes.Scientific Research Paper No. 031210120 of the Department of Horticultural Science. This research was supported by a grant from the Perennial Plant Association and, in part, by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station     

柑桔潜叶蛾雌成虫寿命,产卵量及产卵行为的研究

在实验室条件下，温度与柑桔潜叶蛾雌成虫寿命的关系可用方程ｙ＝１１．３５１７ＥＸＰ拟合。在１５℃时平均寿命为３２．１天，高温３３℃为９．２天，２０－２５℃为１８．９－１２．１天。２０－２５℃温度范围内，平均每雌成虫产卵量为３８粒上下，３３℃为１１。８粒，１５℃仅可产少量的卵。     

西黄杂种公牛与牦牛杂交试验研究报告

对牦牛三元杂交又一个组合(西×黄)♂×牦牛♀的研究结果表明,含1/2西门塔尔牛血缘的西黄杂种公牛从 半农半牧区引进川西北高寒牧区有良好的适应性,与牦牛自然交配,繁殖成活率达43.85％,比用"冻配"技术生产犏牛 提高20.15个百分点。繁殖的F1代犏牛杂种优势明显,初生重大,公、母分别为(21.74±2.49)kg、(20.83±3.62)kg,相 应比牦牛高8.24 kg和7.58 kg(p<0.01);生长发育快,2.5岁时,公、母体重分别为(326.75±13.61)kg、(321.29±13.35)kg, 比同龄牦牛相应重142.45 kg和165.43 kg(p<0.01),杂种优势率高达40.42％;母犏牛2~3岁可初配,比母牦牛提前1-2岁 投入生产,第一胎挤奶量(704.55±30.69)kg,为同胎次母牦牛的2.83倍(p<0.01)。建议在牦牛改良中推广(西×黄) ♂×牦牛♀和(黑×黄)♂×牦牛♀两个牦牛三元杂交组合。     

Effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on the pathology and oestrogen receptor alpha and beta distribution in the uterus and cervix of ewe lambs

A number of chemicals have been classed as endocrine disrupting compounds due to their ability to mimic the actions of endogenous hormones in vivo and in vitro. The objective of this experiment was to determine the pathological changes and oestrogen receptor (ER) distribution in the cervix and uterus of prepubertal ovariectomised ewe lambs following exposure to a range of compounds with a predominantly oestrogenic effect. Lambs were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (0.175 mg/kg biweekly), bisphenol-A (3.5mg/kg biweekly) or octylphenol (3.5mg/kg biweekly) for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, uterine and cervical tissue pathology was assessed. The endometrial and myometrial areas were quantified and the distribution of ERalpha and ERbeta assessed by immunohistochemistry. No differences were observed between control and octylphenol-exposed lambs in uterine gross pathology and histopathology. Uteri from bisphenol-A- and diethylstilbestrol-exposed lambs were heavier than both control and octylphenol-exposed lambs. In the bisphenol-A-exposed lambs, endometrial oedema accounted for a significant increase in the endometrial cross-sectional area over the other groups. Uteri from animals exposed to diethylstilbestrol showed variable pathology including oedema and cellular proliferation. Keratinisation of the cervical epithelium was observed in both bisphenol-A- and diethylstilbestrol-exposed lambs. Exposure to diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol-A was associated with a diffuse intracellular distribution of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterine endometrium. This was in addition to the strong cytoplasmic staining of uterine epithelial cells and nuclear staining of specific sub-epithelial cells observed in all groups. We conclude that a 6-week exposure of lambs to bisphenol-A and diethylstilbestrol altered the uterocervical environment and has the potential to disrupt subsequent reproductive function. Pathological changes could not be detected in the uterus or cervix of lambs exposed to octylphenol.