福建省林木良种繁育概况及今后工作设想

本文介绍了福建省林木种质资源的收集保存、研究利用，优良家系选育，树种内种源研究，高世代种子园研究，乡土树种栽培驯化，外来树种引种，提高种子园种子产量所采取的措施，无性繁殖技术等林木良种繁育概况；并就林木育种工作存在的问题及今后工作设想提出建设性意见。     

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验,设置4个梯度的施氮处理,分别为对照(CK,不加氮)、低氮(T_L,5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M,10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H,15 g/(m2·a)),研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明,枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势;臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制,其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡;花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应,可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现,各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性,可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明,氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率,可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

基于DOM航空影像单木树冠提取

准确提取单木树冠边界是获取森林数量参数的重要基础,是高分辨率遥感图像林业应用的技术难题。基于DOM航空影像数据源,采用面向对象的方法对研究区内的2个树种的林分进行了单木树冠边界提取研究。首先利用桉树和杉木的空间分布矢量数据对DOM航空影像进行掩膜处理,在掩膜区域内进行多层次多尺度图像分割得到初步树冠分割结果,并剔除非树冠信息;再以树冠信息种子对象为基础,使用区域增长算法对树冠信息种子对象增长得到单木树冠范围;最后使用形态学滤波的方法优化单木树冠边界,完成林区内桉树和杉木两类树种的单木树冠边界提取。结果表明,由于不同树种的树冠存在尺度和形态差异,进行单木树冠分割时需要设置不同的参数才能到达较好的分割效果。本研究中桉树和杉木的单木树冠提取总体精度分别为86.75%与89.21%,可满足林业部门获取森林单木树冠的精度需求。     

Allometric model of the height–diameter curve for even-aged pure stands of Japanese cedar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>)

We derived an allometric model of the height–diameter curve for even-aged pure stands, which was a modification of the earlier model proposed by Inoue (2000a). An individual-dependent allometric equation was used as the height–diameter curve. Using the discriminant analysis method, all trees composed of a stand were stratified into upper and lower trees. It was assumed that both relationships between mean tree height H _m and upper tree height H _u and between mean DBH D _m and mean DBH of upper trees D _u could be described by the time-dependent allometric power equations. The height–diameter curve showed an average relationship between tree height and DBH of a given stand at a given time, and hence it could be assumed that the height–diameter curve contained two points (D _m , H _m ) and (D _u , H _u ). With these assumptions, we derived an allometirc model of height–diameter curve, which allowed the coefficients of the curve to be estimated from mean tree height and mean DBH. The proposed model was fitted to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) data. The error ratio of the allometric model ranged from 2.254% to 13.412% (mean = 6.785%), which was significantly smaller than that of the earlier model. When the error of mean tree height was ±1.0 m or less, the effect of the error of mean tree height on the error ratio was comparatively small. This suggested that the error of ±1.0 m in mean tree height could be accepted in the estimation of height–diameter curve using the allometric model. These features enable us to combine the allometric model with Hirata’s vertical angle-count sampling or growth models. In conclusion, the allometric model would be one of the most practical and convenient approaches for estimating the height–diameter relationship of even-aged pure stands.     

基于三维技术的林地“一张图”树种库管理研究

以计算机图形学技术、虚拟树种建模技术和三维GIS技术为基础,通过树种建模、树种库建设、虚拟种树和与三维平台的集成等技术流程,实现了林地"一张图"树种库的大规模三维仿真模拟可视化展现,并对未来的研究方向作了进一步展望。     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。     

油桐的生产现状及其发展建议

油桐是原产我国的世界著名的工业油料树种。油桐在我国16个省、市、自治区有栽培分布,栽培分布范围广,品种资源丰富,结实早,产量高。简单介绍了油桐的资源分布、栽培与利用及其栽培的优势,并提出把油桐生产列入国家生物质能源发展的范畴、把油桐生产列入“十一五”规划项目、开展油桐作为生物柴油使用的试验研究、恢复原来的油桐研究会、迅速搜集保存油桐种质资源等建议。     

红枣树氮、磷、钾吸收与累积年周期变化规律

以6年树龄红枣树为试材,采用刨根、分解取样的方法,研究了年周期内各器官的生物量、氮、磷、钾含量和氮磷钾累积量变化动态.结果表明,红枣各器官中干物质、氮、磷、钾的积累均随生育期的推进呈增长趋势,从果实膨大期到果实成熟期均有一个急剧的上升过程.红枣树单株生物量年增加3908.5 g,氮、磷和钾年总吸收积累量分别为70.5、...     

上海大树移植的本底土质量调查与评价

对上海13个区共450个大树移植的本底土的质量进行了调查。结果表明：土壤有机质含量达标率为74．33％：容重达标率为76．45％；通气孔隙度达标率为57．33％；土壤呈碱性和强碱性；离子总浓度大多正常。本底土质量总体较差．尤其是行道树的大树移植本底土质量更差，不能完全满足移植大树的恢复生长。针对存在的问题，通过添加富含有机质的酸性介质、敷设通气管等方式改良土壤理化性质，确保上海大树移栽的成功。     

Tree Diversity,Carbon Storage,and Soil Nutrient in an Old‐Growth Forest at Changbai Mountain,Northeast China

Abstract

The study of plant diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning is becoming a central issue in ecology. The relationships between carbon storage and tree diversity of natural forest at small scale are still unclear. This research investigated these relationships in an old‐growth forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. It was found that at small scale, tree carbon storage generally increases with increasing tree species richness, but for stands with same species richness, tree carbon storage varies dramatically. At the small scale, tree species evenness has a significantly linear relationship with nature logarithm of total tree carbon storage. The stand carbon storage of trees is mainly controlled by stand tree composition. Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Acer mono contribute more than 85% of stand carbon storage of trees. Stands with similar tree composition at small scale have different soil organic carbon storage and nutrient contents. Tree species evenness has great impact on soil N content at the soil horizon less than 30 cm deep, but its impacts on C/N, P, K, and S contents are small. Tree density has a negative linear relationship with soil organic C and C∶N ratio at the soil horizon is less than 30 cm deep. The implication of our findings here for carbon sequestration in the Kyoto Protocol is also discussed.