贵阳市旅游人力资源发展现状、问题与对策

以贵阳市为例,在对贵阳市旅游人力资源深入调研的基础上,总结了其发展现状和存在的问题,有针对性地从4个方面提出了解决对策：（1）加强组织领导,营造人力资源生态环境;（2）创建贵阳旅游学院,实现旅游人才系统培养;（3）加快开发旅游紧缺人才,提升旅游企业经理管理水平;（4）实施乡村旅游创业培训工程,提高乡村旅游从业人员的服务水平.以期为贵阳旅游人力资源发展提供决策参考.     

滨州市冬枣产业SWOT分析及发展策略

采用SWOT分析方法,对滨州市冬枣产业进行了分析。结果表明：滨州冬枣在区位、技术、品牌方面具有一定的优势,但在农户素质和产业化水平方面存在一定不足。面临市场混乱和食品安全的威胁．应抓住市场需求空间较大和政策倾斜的机会。提出了促进冬枣健康发展的对策,包括建立冬枣产业化组织,促进冬枣协会的完善与发展;提高农户的整体素质,推进冬枣商品化处理和贮运技术;深化滨州沾化冬枣的品牌保护,实现滨州沾化冬枣绿色、休闲产业之路,最终实现冬枣产业的可持续发展。     

氮肥运筹对江淮麦区饲料大麦籽粒产量与品质的影响

为给江淮麦区饲料大麦生产氮肥合理施用提供参考,于2012－2014年连续2年以盐丰1号和扬饲麦1号2个饲料大麦品种为试验材料,研究了不同氮肥用量与运筹比例对大麦籽粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥用量增加使2个品种的产量随之增加,施氮量从A1（90 kg／hm2）增至A2（210 kg／hm2）时,盐丰1号、扬饲麦1号平均产量分别增加16．4％,31．6％,施氮量从A2增至A3（330 kg／hm2）时,处理间产量差异不显著;相同施氮量不同运筹比例对2个品种产量影响不明显;对于籽粒品质,施氮量从A1增至A2时,盐丰1号与扬饲麦1号籽粒蛋白质含量增幅分别为8．6％～10．2％和8．8％～10．8％,施氮量从A2增至A3时,籽粒蛋白质含量也有增加,但未达显著水平;施氮量的增加使2个品种籽粒淀粉含量略有下降,但降幅不明显;相同施氮量不同运筹比例对2个品种籽粒品质影响不显著。氮肥处理下产量与农艺性状相关分析表明,用氮肥来调控大麦产量可能主要是通过调控穗粒数与穗数来实现增产。综合考虑,建议在江淮麦区生产上大麦氮肥施用方案为,总施氮量为210 kg／hm2,氮肥运筹比例为基肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥以5∶2∶3或6∶2∶2为宜。     

吉林省玉米产业的运行机制研究

吉林省由于区位因素、资源禀赋造成玉米成为吉林省农业不可替代的主导产业。玉米生产又出现销售难、收储难、农民收入增长难,摆脱这种状况的现实的选择是以玉米生产为基础,构建一个全方位、系列化、具有多重产业关联度的玉米产业框架,建立合理的玉米产业运行机制,提高玉米产业的运行效率。     

Effect of magnesium sulphate and l-tryptophan and genotype on the feed intake, behaviour and meat quality of pigs

Sixty-nine entire male pigs with different halothane genotype (homozygous halothane positive — nn-, n = 36; and homozygous halothane negative — NN-, n = 33) were fed with a supplementation of magnesium sulphate (Mg) and/or l-tryptophan (Trp) in the diet for 5 days before slaughter. Animals were housed individually and were submitted to stressful ante mortem conditions (mixed in the lorry according to treatments and transported 1 h on rough roads). Individual feed intake was recorded during the 5-d treatment. At the abattoir, pig behaviour was assessed in the raceway to the stunning system and during the stunning period by exposure to CO₂. Muscle pH, colour, water holding capacity, texture and cathepsin activities were determined to assess meat quality. The number of pigs with an individual feed intake lower than 2 kg/day was significantly different among diets (P < 0.05; Control: 8.7%; Mg&Trp: 43.5%; Trp: 17.4%) and they were considered to have inadequate supplement intake. During the ante mortem period, 15.2% of pigs included in the experiment died, and this percentage decreased to 8.7% in those pigs with a feed intake > 2 kg/day, all of them from the stress-sensitive pigs (nn). In general, no differences were observed in the behaviour of pigs along the corridor leading to the stunning system and inside the CO₂ stunning system. During the stunning procedure, Trp diet showed shorter periods of muscular excitation than control and Mg&Trp diets. The combination of a stressful ante mortem treatment and Mg&Trp supplementation led to carcasses with high incidence of severe skin lesions. Different meat quality results were found when considering all pigs or considering only those with adequate supplement intake. In this later case, Trp increased pH₄₅ (6.15) vs Control diet (5.96) in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (P < 0.05) and pH at 24 h (Trp: 5.59 vs C: 5.47) led to a higher incidence of dark, firm and exudative (DFD) traits in SM muscle (P < 0.05). Genotype affected negatively all the meat quality traits. Seventy-five percent of LT and 60.0% of the SM muscles from nn pigs were classified as pale, soft and exudative (PSE), while none of the NN pigs showed these traits (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found between genotypes on the incidence of DFD meat.Due to the negative effects observed in the Mg&Trp group in feed intake and carcass quality, the utilization of a mixture of magnesium sulphate and tryptophan is not recommended.     

饲用酸化剂研究进展

酸化剂被视为在畜禽饲料中的能有效替代抗生素的产品之一,近几年有关酸化剂的抗菌作用和调节营养生理功能的研究又取得许多新进展.通过搜索PubMed、CAB、Agricola、国家科技文献图书中心(NSTL)、国家知识基础设施(CNKI)数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库及相应的期刊,对国内外在仔猪日粮中添加饲用酸化剂研究应用概况作了较为全面综述.以期为饲用酸化剂在肉猪生产上的应用提供参考.     

中国饲料数据库浅析

中国饲料数据库是“七五”国家攻关课题。它包括饲料营养价值评定、饲养标准、饲料标准、饲料配方、饲料工业信息、畜禽渔业信息等子系统。具有输入，数据处理、编辑打印输出，优化饲料配方、更新等功能。它是应用现代化管理技术，使营养、饲料科研成果中的数据条理化、标准化，使各种信息集中贮存，统一管理。中国饲料数据库的研究成功和推广应用，已取得巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

Effect of meal size modulation on growth performance and feeding rhythms in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.)

The combined effect of feeding time and meal size on the growth performance and feeding rhythms were studied in European sea bass maintained under natural summer–autumn conditions. Three feeding strategies were compared: a modulated automatic-feeding (MF), a fixed automatic-feeding (FF) and a free access to self-feeders (SF). Under MF, feed was supplied in meals of different size, three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening, 33.33:16.67:50% of daily feed ration, respectively) during the first (31 days) and second (35 days) period of the experiment, and twice a day (morning and evening, 33.33:66.67% of daily feed ration, respectively) during the third period (27 days). In FF feed was supplied in equally-sized meals, three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening, 33.33:33.33:33.33% of daily feed ration) in all three periods of the experiment. Under SF, fish showed a diurnal self-feeding pattern, with the greatest percentage of self-feeding activity concentrated in the evening. In MF and FF, although feed was delivered automatically, the trigger was left in the tank to register activations as an indicator of feeding activity. The trigger activation of both treatments MF and FF was associated with the time of feed delivery. Feeding strategies affected biomass increase, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), the greatest biomass increase and highest SGR being obtained with MF and the poorest FCR with FF. The results demonstrate that automatic-feeding systems, in which the quantity of feed supplied is modulated in accordance with the natural feeding rhythms of sea bass, may improve growth and feed efficiency.     

2013年内蒙古奶业发展分析

本文从乳品生产、牛奶价格、养殖结构以及优质饲草行业发展等4个方面,分析了2013年内蒙古奶业发展情况,认为当地奶业发展在进入转型调整期后,受国内、国际乳品市场价格和供求力量对比等因素影响,奶牛养殖行业结构升级与生产稳定之间存在微妙的动态平衡,乳品加工企业更加倾向于高盈利性产品市场的开拓。虽然产业自身及其外部都存在不确定性因素,但内蒙古奶业总体仍处于上升发展阶段。建议政府和金融机构加快理念转换,创新服务产品,为奶业发展营造更加稳定有利的外部环境。     

陕西肉牛产业发展现状、问题及建议

文章在调查研究的基础上,对陕西肉牛产业发展现状及产业技术研发应用情况进行了综合述评,认为全省肉牛产业已进入以秦川牛为主肉用选育改良和商品肉牛生产时期,技术研发和应用稳步推进,各地扶持政策措施比较到位,肉牛产业发展势头良好。针对产业转型升级面临的问题,文章从三个方面提出了发展建议。