The use of leucaena leaf meal in feeding Nile tilapia

A 14 week experiment was carried out to study the effects of replacing three different levels (33%, 66%; and 100%;) of berseem leaf meal (BLM) by leucaena leaf meal (LLM) treated in four different ways (drying for 48 h at 60 C, autoclaved for 15 min, sprayed with 1% sodium hydroxide and incubated with rumen liquor for 24 h). Groups of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings (5.07 g mean weight) were fed one of 13 isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (19.67 kJ per g dry matter) diets, with two replicates (10 fish per aquarium) for each treatment. The results indicated that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein utilization parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by the higher percentage of dried or cooked LLM in tilapia diets. On the other hand, the lowest growth performance and feed utilization parameters were observed in the groups fed LLM diets treated with sodium hydroxide or incubated with rumen liquor. Carcass protein and fat increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of LLM and simultaneously decreasing ash content.     

我国农村食品安全法律监管及其治理

目前农村食品安全尚存在许多问题,严重危及农村地区人民身体健康和生命安全,也关系到农村社会秩序稳定和和谐社会的构建.农村食品安全监管成为我国食品安全监管中的重要环节.我国农村食品安全监管要充分解决法制建设不足、政府安全监管不力、行业监管机制不完善等问题,最终提升农村食品安全监管整体水平,促进农村地区社会治理建设.     

SH9在线高速膨胀系统进料含水率对烟丝综合质量的影响

[目的]研究SH9进料含水率对干燥后烟丝综合质量的影响.[方法]研究了SH9在线高速膨胀系统对烟丝进行干燥时不同进料含水率条件下烟丝综合质量变化情况.[结果]研究显示,不同的进料含水率对烟丝、填充值以及感官质量均有较显著影响,对整丝率、碎丝率影响不显著.[结论]研究可为卷烟企业在用SH9在线高速膨胀系统对烟草加工时选择合适的控制参数提供依据.     

贫困山区“三品一标”产业发展研究——基于商洛市的调查分析

以商洛市为例,介绍了"三品一标"产业的发展现状,讨论了存在的认证效益低、品种多规模小、标准化程度低、监管责任落不实、认证难度大、政策推动不够等方面的问题,提出了加大宣传力度、优化技术服务、提升认证效率、提高认证质量、强化认证监管、争取政策扶持等建议。     

彭阳县马铃薯产业发展情况调查与思考

马铃薯是重要的粮菜兼用型作物,在彭阳县种植历史悠久。近年来,种植面积逐年扩大,产量、质量不断提升,已成为县域粮食增产、农业增效、农民增收、带动区域经济发展的主导产业。但随着马铃薯种植面积的扩大、种薯产业开发滞后、综合增产增效栽培技术覆盖率不高,使经济效益稳而不增。通过对彭阳县马铃薯产业的调研分析,指出了产业发展中存在的问题,提出了促进彭阳县马铃薯产业发展的对策和措施。     

饲料添加剂对人畜健康的影响

文章主要讲述了饲料添加剂对人类和动物的影响,并且提出了减少饲料添加剂对人畜健康造成危害的措施。     

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.     

Manufacturing Different Diet Sizes and Its Effect on Pellet Water Stability and Growth of Three Size Classes of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp.     

近代中国蚕桑业发展与农民经济理性

本文从农家经营理性选择的角度,考察了近代中国蚕桑生产的发展,论述了近代中国农家兼业经济演化的新条件和新特点。     

投资促进还是效率促进——中国产品出口竞争力影响因素研究

使用1998~2008年的行业面板数据，研究中国产品出口竞争力的影响因素，结果显示：行业的生产效率与行业规模显著地提高了中国产品的出口竞争力，而外商直接投资以及国内投资对中国产品出口竞争力影响却成中性结果；分行业的研究显示，行业工资水平对资源与劳动密集型行业的出口竞争力影响显著，而资本密集型行业的出口竞争力则受行业规模因素的影响，这一结论表明：走内涵发展道路，提高劳动生产效率是维持与提升资源与劳动密集型行业产业出口竞争力的主导方向，而对于中国的资本与技术密集型产业而言，先扩大规模再发展内涵是一条现实的路径选择。