高Fe2+对大豆叶片光合作用的影响**

以1601、浙春3号2个大豆(Glycine max（L.）Merrill )品种为材料，研究高Fe2+对大豆叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明，高Fe2+ (300 mg/kg和500 mg/kg)抑制大豆叶片光合作用，降低叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率。高Fe2+还破坏叶肉细胞叶绿体结构，内部积累较大淀粉粒及较多脂滴，基粒类囊体肿胀，垛叠松散，排列无序，叶绿体形状畸变，部分被膜破损。可见，高Fe2+胁迫对大豆叶片结构和功能都产生了负面影响。2个大豆品种对高Fe2+的反应存在一定的基因型差异。     

Micro-nutrient composition and end-user acceptable quality in potato in Ethiopia

Micronutrient deficiencies in diets, including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are an important public health problem across population in Ethiopia. Potato is a modest source of dietary nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral (Fe & Zn) composition of potato germplasm in Ethiopia and grower's willingness to try new potato types. The Fe and Zn contents were assessed in peeled tubers of popular farmer varieties, and newly introduced Andean diploid group Phureja accessions and improved tetraploid clones grown in multi-location trials. Grower's preferences for the new potato types was assessed using a participatory approach. Significant variations in mineral and tuber yield traits exist among the germplasm assessed and broad-sense heritability appears to be high for most traits measured, suggesting that progress through breeding can be made among these materials. However, the slightly negative correlation of tuber yield with Fe and Zn content and user appreciation traits found in this study suggests that progress in improving crops for yield and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations with end-user acceptable quality will be challenging. The results from this study provide baseline information on Fe and Zn composition of many popular farmer varieties in Ethiopia and end-user preference criteria for evaluating new potato varieties that would help to orient the biofortification breeding to the conditions and preference of farmers.     

基于高光谱苹果品种叶片铁含量估测模型

【目的】 在叶片水平上构建基于高光谱的苹果品种叶片铁素含量估测模型,为探寻实时、高效、无损的果树树体营养诊断提供技术途径。【方法】以苹果品种岩富10号为材料,测定岩富10号叶片光谱数据和铁素含量,采用光谱分析和相关分析法,筛选与叶片铁素含量相关性较强的光谱组合,利用偏最小二乘法构建苹果叶片铁素含量光谱估测模型。【结果】岩富10号苹果叶片一阶微分光谱与铁素含量的敏感波段为R′₉₉₀、R′_{1 113}、R′_{1 360}、R′_{1 408},相关系数最高为-0.698 9。对敏感波段两两进行加、减、乘、除运算,最优波段组合形式R′₉₉₀×R′_{1 048}与铁素含量相关系数为0.846 2。估测模型拟合度(R²)最高为0.827 5。【结论】苹果叶片一阶微分光谱组合与铁素含量显著相关(P<0.05),光谱组合能够明显提高其相关性,偏最小二乘法与逐步回归建模相比估算模型的精度更佳,可以用于苹果叶片铁素含量的光谱估算。     

QTL Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Two O. nivara Derived Backcross Populations

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC₂F₃ mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.     

腰果叶片铁、锰和铜含量分布规律

[目的]检测腰果叶片中铁、锰和铜含量的分布规律.[方法]以海南稳定生产的腰果园为对象,系统布置采样点位,在年度生育期内采集叶片样品,分析腰果叶片的铁、锰和铜微量元素含量,明确其叶片铁、锰和铜微量元素含量分布规律.[结果]腰果叶片铁、铜和锰含量与其年度生育周期有关;10月份腰果树体生长开始活跃,为接下来的花芽分化和果实生长积累养分,其叶片微量元素含量逐渐增加,翌年3月份的坐果期养分消耗较大,其叶片养分含量逐渐降低.[结论]该研究为腰果的养分管理提供了思路.     

2012年夏季南奥克尼群岛水域表层海水中典型痕量元素分布研究

根据2012年夏季南奥克尼群岛水域采集的表层水样本,利用原子吸收分光光度法分析了该水域表层水中的铜,铅,锌和铁的含量及分布。结果表明：铜浓度在0.033-0.121mg/L之间,铅浓度在0.414-1.478 mg/L之间,锌浓度在0.008 -0.083 mg/L之间,铁浓度在0.255-0.454 mg/L之间,平均值分别为0.059 mg/L,0.908 mg/L,0.037 mg/L和0.351mg/L。铁与锌含量有着自西向东逐渐增加的趋势。本研究可为建立南极半岛海洋环境信息数据库提供基础数据,为进一步开展南大洋海洋生物地球化学研究奠定良好的基础。     

四种微量元素在鲇鱼组织中积累分布规律研究

采用静态染毒法,研究了安全浓度混合的微量元素铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和锰(Mn)在鲇鱼(Silnrus asotus)组织中短期的积累分布规律。结果表明,不同的微量元素在鲇鱼体内不同组织的积累分布不同,Fe和Mn在鲇鱼的肝脏中有极显著积累(P0.01),在肌肉和鳃中的积累并不显著。Cu和Zn的含量暴露期间在鱼体各组织中无明显的积累。不同微量元素在鲇鱼体内的积累分布与不同组织的生理功能密切相关。     

A Robertsonian translocation from Thinopyrum bessarabicum into bread wheat confers high iron and zinc contents

Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6E^b of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, E^bE^b) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F₂ population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6E^b from crosses between a DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F₂ genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6E^b were used for screening the F₂ plants. One plant with a T6E^bS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F₃ families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and T6E^bS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.     

Effect of arsenic on concentrations and translocations of mineral elements in the xylem of rice

By using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique, the effect of arsenic (As) on the mineral contents and translocation in the xylem of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Akihikari’) was studied. The results suggest that exogenous As increased the concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) in xylem, while the concentrations of potassium (K) remained unchanged. The highest concentration of As to the rice roots did not have any clear effect on the translocation of P, Ca, S, and chlorine (Cl) in the xylem, indicating that the increasing concentrations of the minerals may be due to a condensation effect, resulting from the repression of water movement in xylem by As-toxicity. Among the metal micronutrients, As decreased the concentrations and translocations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu).     

Agronomic evaluation of mulching and iron nutrition on productivity,nutrient uptake,iron use efficiency and economics of aerobic rice-wheat cropping system

Field experiments were carried out during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (June–April) of 2008–2010 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, to study the productivity, nutrients uptake, iron (Fe) use-efficiency and economics of aerobic rice-wheat cropping system as influenced by mulching and Fe nutrition. The highest yield attributes, grain and straw yields (5.41 tonnes ha^?1 and 6.56 tonnes ha^?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in rice was recorded with transplanted and puddled rice (TPR) followed by aerobic rice with Sesbania aculeata mulch. However, residual effect of aerobic rice with wheat straw mulch was more pronounced on yield attributes, grain and straw yields (4.20 and 6.70 tonnes ha^?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in succeeding wheat and remained at par with aerobic rice with Sesbania mulch. Application of iron sulfate (FeSO₄) at 50 kg ha^?1 + 2 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO₄ was found to be the best in terms of all the yield attributes, grain and straw yield (5.09 and 6.17 tonnes ha^?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake and remained at par with 3 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO₄. Although residual effect of iron application failed to increase the yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) except Fe. The highest system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio and lowest cost of cultivation were recorded with aerobic rice with wheat straw and Sesbania aculeata mulch. Application of FeSO₄ at 50 kg ha^?1 + two foliar sprays of 2% FeSO₄ was found better in respect of system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and cost of cultivation in aerobic rice-wheat cropping system. The Fe use efficiency values viz. partial factor productivity (kg grain kg^?1 Fe), agronomic efficiency (kg grain increased kg^?1 Fe applied), agrophysiological efficiency (kg grain kg^?1 Fe uptake), physiological efficiency (kg biomass kg^?1 Fe uptake), apparent recovery (%) utilization efficiency and harvest index (%) of applied Fe were significantly affected due to methods of rice production and various Fe nutrition treatments in aerobic rice and aerobic rice-wheat cropping system.