基于遥感的乌鲁木齐市绿地资源信息提取技术研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统中的一个子系统,可以综合调节城市生态环境。本文基于遥感信息,对乌鲁木齐市绿地格局进行研究和探讨,对城市绿地专题信息进行提取。主要通过计算TM影像及各主成分分量和归一化植被指数NDVI的相关系数来进行波段组合,提高遥感影像的目视解译精度和分类精度,然后与其他资料对比研究,可以发现该方法对于城市绿地信息提取能取得较好结果。研究表明乌鲁木齐市城市绿地存在面积较少,分布状况不均匀。     

我国市售虾酱产品品质分析与评价

为了解我国市售虾酱产品的品质现状，探究不同品种虾酱之间的品质差异，采集了32种市售虾酱，进行了感官评价和水分、盐分、蛋白质、氨基酸态氮等理化指标的检测，对品质相关数据进行了统计分析和主成分分析，并进一步采用电子鼻和气相–离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对气味进行了分析。结果表明，市售虾酱色泽和质地差异相对较小，而气味差异较大。理化指标中，市售虾酱的氨基酸态氮含量变异系数为33.91%，离散程度最大。在主成分分析中，提取到3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.32%，表明能够涵盖虾酱品质的基本信息，水分、氨基酸态氮、气味是影响虾酱综合品质的关键指标。电子鼻聚类热图表明，在欧式距离4.03处可将32种虾酱聚为4类，原料是影响聚类的主要因素。对海银虾、蜢子虾和白虾3种原料的虾酱进行GC-IMS分析，共鉴定出63种挥发性成分，主要是醇类。研究结果可为虾酱产品品质评价与生产工艺改进提供参考。     

不同年限毛竹—灵芝复合系统土壤质量评价

研究以不同年限(0 a、1 a和2 a)毛竹—灵芝复合系统为对象,对比分析灵芝不同种植年限的毛竹林土壤理化性质、酶活性等17个土壤质量指标的差异,并基于主成分分析对其土壤质量进行评价,旨在为毛竹林下种植灵芝提供参考。结果表明：随着灵芝种植年限的延长,毛竹林土壤含水率、孔隙度和通气度呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而土壤容重呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;土壤pH值随种植年限的延长逐渐升高,有利于缓解土壤酸化;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效养分含量和土壤酶活性均随种植年限的延长呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,且种植2 a显著高于0 a(P<0.05)。综合分析土壤理化性质以及酶活性等指标,毛竹林下种植灵芝后,其土壤质量指数均显著高于未种植的毛竹林地,且随种植年限的延长逐渐升高,说明灵芝种植有利于提高毛竹林地土壤质量。     

27个木槿品种的数量分类和主成分分析

通过观测27个木槿品种的17个数量和质量性状,探究了木槿品种分类的等级和标准,便于为木槿品种的选育与资源研究等提供参考依据。首先对17个性状指标进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,根据分析结果再对27个木槿品种进行Q型聚类分析。R型聚类分析结果表明,各性状选取是合理的;主成分分析结果表明,17个性状可综合为6个主成分,其累计贡献率达88.096%。Q型聚类结果表明,27个木槿品种根据有无丹心、花型、丹心基部形状、花瓣指数、花径、叶形、丹心线与丹心的关系可被分为2大类、3大类或8大类。16个性状对木槿品种的划分贡献较大。综合而言,有无丹心、花型、花瓣指数、丹心线与丹心的关系是木槿品种分类的主要标准和依据。     

Levels of host plant resistance to banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in African Musa germplasm

Forty-five Musa clones, including endemic and introduced cultivars plus hybrids, were evaluated for resistance against the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, in a field trial in Uganda. The predominant groups of staple crops, East African highland bananas (Musa spp. AAA) and plantains (Musaspp. AAB), as well as plantain-derived hybrids (AAB × AA), showed the highest levels of susceptibility to this pest. These were followed by dessert bananas (Musa spp. AAA), exotic bananas (Musa spp. ABB) and finally diploids of M. acuminata (AA). Hybrids of banana origin were highly resistant. Some East African highland cultivars, especially brewing types (e.g., Kabula, Bagandeseza, Ediirira), showed intermediate levels of resistance. Among the non-highland bananas, high levels of resistance were observed in Yangambi-Km5 (AAA), Cavendish (AAA), Gros Michel (AAA), Kayinja (ABB, Pisang Awak subgroup), Ndiizi (AB, Ney Poovan subgroup)and Kisubi (Ney Poovan subgroup). The highest resistance was observed in banana hybrids TMB2×7197-2, TMB2×8075-7 and the wild banana Calcutta-4 (AA). These were considered the best sources of resistance for a weevil resistance-breeding programme with the two hybrids commonly used as improved male parents. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Morphological variation in Astragalus hamosus L. and Coronilla scorpioides L. populations of Tunisia

Morphological variation between Astragalus hamosus and Coronillascorpioides populations was studied using local germoplasm collected in northern and central Tunisia. Twenty-one morphological traits were recorded and data were analysed using complementary statistical analysis. Considerable variation based on morphological and agronomical traits was found between populations and for both species. Pod and peduncle lengths as well as flowers number were the most discriminant variables between populations. Differences were also found for variables like seed number per pod, seed yield and dry matter production. Significant correlations were found between plant traits and the environmental parameters of the origin sites. This study revealed enough variation among populations to initiate a selection programme for pasture improvement in arid and semi-arid areas of Tunisia, where the two species are well adapted. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Use of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex crop traits: a case study on yield in barley

Genes contributing to the quantitative variation of a complex crop trait can be numerous. However, using existing approaches, the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected for a trait is limited. Therefore, rather than looking for QTL for a complex trait itself, determining QTL for underlying component traits might give more information. In this study the potential of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex traits was examined using grain yield in spring barley as an example. Grain yield was divided into three components: number of spikes/m², number of kernels/spike, and 1000‐kernel weight. These traits were measured for individuals of a recombinant inbred‐line population in field trials conducted over 2 years. By the use of an approximate multiple QTL model, one to eight QTL were detected for each trait in a year. Some QTL were mapped to similar positions in both years. Almost all QTL for yield were found at the position of or in close proximity to QTL for its component traits. A number of QTL for component traits were not detected when yield itself was subjected to QTL analysis. However, relative to the QTL for yield itself, all component‐trait QTL did not explain the variation in yield better. The results in relation to the potential of using component analysis in studying complex crop traits are discussed.     

抗旱、耐盐碱、矮秆陆地棉数量性状的遗传相关及主成份分析

对从国内外引进的抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花资源材料 ,经抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆性鉴定和比较 ,选取了其中表现较好的 1 9份材料 ,进行了遗传相关和主成份分析 ,结果表明 :在 5 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cland1 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl胁迫下的出苗率间呈正相关 ,抗盐性与产量间呈负相关 ;第一棉铃高度与纤维品质性状呈正相关。抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花材料的前 6个因子贡献率达 86.5 % ,其分别为第一棉铃高度因子、果枝数因子、单株结铃数因子、矮杆因子、单铃重因子等     

栀子和玉兰花提取物对烤烟主要化学成分及致香物质含量影响

以湘烟5号为材料,通过盆栽试验,探讨不同浓度植物提取物对烤烟主要化学成分及致香物质含量的影响。结果表明,喷施栀子花和玉兰花汁液提取物有利于烟叶原料主要化学成分含量的改善,与对照相比,喷施处理的上部橘黄二级（B2F）和中部橘黄三级（C3F）烟叶还原糖含量分别高15.0%~21.1%和14.3%~17.7%,钾含量分别高5.7%~13.9%和7.4%~14.0%;与对照相比,喷施处理的烟叶的石油醚提取物、类胡萝卜素降解物、降解产物、茄酮、非酶棕色化反应产物、芳香族氨基酸裂解产物、新植二烯和中性致香物质总量,上部橘黄二级（B2F）烟叶分别高10.0%~20.9%、11.2%~20.9%、9.6%~20.2%、9.8%~21.1%、10.8%~22.5%、11.2%~23.0%、14.9%~24.7%和11.9%~22.1%,中部橘黄三级（C3F）烟叶分别高13.5%~24.1%、11.3%~21.0%、11.4%~20.0%、10.8%~18.7%、13.1%~21.2%、10.1%~19.1%、17.5%~27.0%和18.1%~27.6%;烟叶感官质量评价权重得分高于对照。栀子花和玉兰花汁液提取物对烟叶主要化学成分及致香物质含量的作用效果以施用量3.5~5.0g/株的处理最佳。