饲料磷水平对吉富罗非鱼肠道磷和脂肪酸转运及甘油三酯沉积的影响

摘要:为了探究饲料中不同磷水平对罗非鱼肠道磷和脂肪酸转运及甘油三脂沉积的影响，我们配制了3组不同磷水平的饲料，饲料中磷含量分别为1.21 %（LPD）、1.75 %（MPD）和2.66 %（HPD）），用配制的饲料投喂罗非鱼10周。结果显示：与LPD组相比，HPD组显著增加罗非鱼肠道钠磷协同转运体SLC34A2基因（95.7%）和蛋白（200.1%）的表达，增加肠道组织总磷含量（79.2%）；HPD组上调脂肪酸吸收基因cd36、fabp1、fabp2和fatp1及甘油三酯合成基因dgat1的表达（11.2%~54.0%），下调脂肪酸转运基因apob-100的表达（37.7%），增加游离脂肪酸（NEFA）的含量（241.1%）。与LPD组相比，HPD组显著增加罗非鱼肠道组织甘油三酯（TG）的含量（42.9%）。 综上，我们的研究表明，饲料中高磷水平增加肠道组织TG的含量，上调脂肪酸吸收途径和抑制脂肪酸排出途径。我们的研究为深入揭示磷影响鱼类磷代谢及脂类代谢的机理奠定基础。     

不同泌乳时期甘肃高山细毛羊与小尾寒羊的泌乳量、乳成分和脂肪酸含量比较

在相同饲养管理条件下，以小尾寒羊和甘肃高山细毛羊母羊作为研究对象，测定产后30 d的泌乳量，分析常乳和初乳中6种乳成分的含量，以及饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acid, SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量(Polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA)。结果表明，小尾寒羊产后30 d的泌乳量为40.7 kg,极显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊的25.6 kg(P<0.01)。在初乳和常乳中，小尾寒羊的乳蛋白质、酪蛋白和可溶固形物含量都高于甘肃高山细毛羊(P<0.05)。在2个品种中，初乳中的乳蛋白质、酪蛋白和可溶固形物含量也高于常乳(P<0.05)。在小尾寒羊初乳、小尾寒羊常乳、甘肃高山细毛羊初乳和甘肃高山细毛羊常乳中分别检测到16、17、13和14种SFA、6种MUFA,以及8、8、7和6种PUFA,棕榈酸、油酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸是其中的主要成分。上述4种乳样中的SFA/MUFA/PUFA值分别为13.66/6.89/1.00、16.08/9.16/1.00、...     

Metabolomics analysis of postharvest ripening heterogeneity of ‘Hass’ avocadoes

The complex physiology of ‘Hass’ avocado renders its postharvest ripening heterogeneous and unpredictable. Several approaches have previously been undertaken to broaden our understanding of the causes of this postharvest ripening heterogeneity but without much success. In this study, a fruit biopsy methodology was undertaken to sample mesocarp tissue from a series of individual avocado fruit while following individual fruit postharvest ripening characteristics without significantly disturbing their metabolism. Using both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of the biopsies in order to get more insight into the biochemical mechanisms underlying ‘Hass’ avocado ripening heterogeneity. While C₇ sugars (mannoheptulose and perseitol), dry matter and total Ca²⁺ were not correlated with time to reach edible ripeness, untargeted metabolomics profiling of polar and semi-polar compounds (based on GC–MS and LC–MS platforms), revealed several metabolites, mainly amino acids, that were related to ripening heterogeneity. In addition, analysis of fatty acids revealed linoleic acid to be differentially accumulating. In general, slowest ripening avocados had lower amounts of precursors of metabolites involved in key metabolic pathways. Our study indicates that comprehensive metabolomics may provide new markers for avocado ripening stage at harvest, and may give more insight into the complex ripening physiology of this fruit.     

Comparative advantages of chemical compositions of specific edible vegetable oils

As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decide their development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oils were investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained as follows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for 79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively; (2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid (76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%); (3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed and herbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively); (4) the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 ​g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 ​g (siritch oil); and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 ​g), followed by perilla seed oil (55.89 mg/100 ​g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 ​g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 ​g). The comparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritional values and health care functions.     

两种养殖模式下的暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分比较

采用生化分析方法对暗纹东方鲀单养（单养组）和暗纹东方鲀-凡纳滨对虾-空心菜生态立体种养（种养组）两种养殖模式下的暗纹东方鲀肌肉进行营养成分分析和比较。结果显示：两种养殖模式下暗纹东方鲀肌肉中常规营养成分、氨基酸组成和含量及脂肪酸组成差异不显著；单养组C16∶1、C18∶1n9c含量和单不饱和脂肪酸总量（∑MUFA）显著高于种养组；种养组多不饱和脂肪酸总量（∑PUFA）显著高于单养组。说明不同养殖模式对暗纹东方鲀肌肉中MUFA、∑MUFA及∑PUFA产生显著影响。