Adoption of leaf color chart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessment of a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal,India

Unbalanced and excessive use of N-fertilizers causes environmental pollution, lodging of plants and increased pest pressure, in addition to increased cost to farmers from excessively applied fertilizers and pesticides. N application at the right time and in right amount is critical for healthy plant and environment. Rice leaf color intensity is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen status. The concept for the use of leaf color as an indicator to apply N in rice was crystallized during 1990s. The International Rice Research Institute and the Philippine Rice Research Institute developed a leaf color chart (LCC) that helps guide farmers for real-time nitrogen management in rice farming. The technology is inexpensive, and easily affordable by most resource poor rice farmers. In 2003 we initiated a farmer-participatory research to validate real-time N management in rice by the use of LCC in West Bengal state of India. After 3 years of validation research, a survey was conducted to assess the adoption and impact of LCC. The survey was conducted in both intervention and adjacent control villages and data were collected from 20% farm households selected randomly. In this paper, we report findings of the study on the determinants of adoption of LCC, and its effect on fertilizer and pesticides use.     

冬季农户规模育肥肉牛效果观察

通过试验观察,从2006年11月21日到2007年2月4日内,每25天为一个观察段,当外界平均气温为5.26、2.50、2.54时,育肥牛日增重分别为1.36 kg、1.23 kg、1.22 kg;说明寒冷对肉牛育肥有较大影响,建议育肥牛场在冬季注意保暖。     

黑河流域草地资源保护与建设

黑河流域除绿洲地区外有160万hm2的草地,进行草地分户、围栏封育、人工改良草地;牧户按地定畜、优化牧场、推广良种、改良畜群;按草定牧、实行休牧和轮牧;革新观念、子羔出栏、加速出栏周期、保障牧民增收等措施可保护草地资源,加速草地建设,繁荣牧区经济.     

郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎治疗效果的研究

为了研究郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗效果,从张家口顺德猪场选取患有传染性胃肠炎的成年长白猪20头,随机分为郁金散加减方低剂量组、郁金散加减方高剂量组、西药组和对照组,每组各5头。郁金散加减方组每天灌服郁金散方剂,早晚各1次,低、高剂量组分别按6、7mL/kg体重给药;西药组每天灌服金刚乙胺,颈部皮下注射氟苯尼考,早晚各1次;对照组正常饲喂,不给药。7d后观察临床症状和生长性能,测定血常规、血清生化指标、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:郁金散加减方组和西药组病猪反应灵敏,体温正常,进食量增加,粪便恢复正常。低、高剂量组和西药组治愈率分别为80%、90%和60%,郁金散加减方的治疗效果优于西药治疗。与对照组相比,高剂量组能极显著提高猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(P<0.01);3个给药组均能极显著降低血尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)和白细胞数量(WBC)(P<0.01),极显著提高血清钾(K)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);高剂量组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于低剂量组、西药组和对照组(P<0.01)。表明郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎有较好的治疗效果,其中郁金散加减方高剂量组效果更好。     

内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区陆生野生动物长期监测简报

开展生物多样性动态长期监测,了解生态系统结构与功能变化,探明生物多样性变化过程及影响因素是制定有效保护措施的重要基础。本研究在内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区开展10年野生动物多样性动态监测,新发现保护区分布哺乳动物7种、鸟类98种,内蒙古鸟类新纪录2种,内蒙古蛇类新纪录1种。但也未发现一些以往有记录的物种,需要进一步强化野生动物多样性监测,探明物种变化的原因。后续监测工作引入了非损伤采集动物粪样提取DNA技术,从而深入了解保护区野生动物种群长期稳定的遗传学和空间分布特征,为有效管理自然保护区珍稀野生动物提供科技支撑。     

竞技赛马的营养需要研究进展

马是一种独特的家畜,主要用途是娱乐或工作。长期以来,马的营养一直集中在提供足够数量和类型的营养素,以达到最大的运动状态。营养学家的目标是最大限度地发挥营养对运动的影响,因此,本文综述了关于赛马主要营养素的需求特点,为竞技赛马的饲养提供依据。     

基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统

对家蚕育种亲本及其新品种性状数据档案实行信息化管理,可在家蚕育种和品种的种性维持过程中自动实现完整的信息采集、计算、调用、选择等功能。开发了一个基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统,主要包括品种管理、计划任务管理、饲育信息管理、蚕茧信息管理、选种信息管理、选优信息管理等功能模块。选种信息管理模块的运行过程是通过电子天平称量蚕茧质量,然后根据计算模型自动进行数据信息处理与统计分析实施选择。用户可以方便地通过网络访问该系统,实现家蚕新品种选育及种性维持工作的自动化。     

A survey of mutations in the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) esterase E3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance and the molecular identification of mutant alleles

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies and is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry throughout the Neotropical region. In Brazil, C. hominivorax has been controlled mainly with organophosphate (OP) insecticides, although the inappropriate use of these chemicals can result in the selection of resistant flies. Changes in carboxylesterase activity have been associated with OP insecticides in some arthopodan species. In this work, we isolated and characterized part of the E3 gene in C. hominivorax (ChE7), which contained the same substitutions responsible for the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity in Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae). Digestion of the polymerase chain reaction products with a restriction enzyme that specifically recognized the mutation site unambiguously differentiated wild and mutated esterase alleles. The PCR-RFLP assay therefore provided a fast, reliable DNA-based method for identifying C. hominivorax individuals with a mutation in the esterase gene. Further bioassays to determine the association of this mutation with OP resistance in C. hominivorax should allow the development of more effective strategies for managing this species.