茶多酚对固始鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响

为了研究茶多酚对固始鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响,选取1日龄固始鸡90只,随机分为3组,1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,2、3组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加质量分数为0.025%和0.050%的茶多酚。于21日龄、42日龄时测定血清中脂类指标,于42日龄时测定腹脂率、肝脂率和生产性能。结果显示:0.025%、0.050%的茶多酚能降低试鸡血液中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,明显增加血液中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,降低鸡的腹脂率和肝脂率,试验期试鸡的生产性能未受到任何影响。上述结果表明,饲料中添加茶多酚有利于改善固始鸡的脂类代谢。     

3种测定大豆种子脂肪含量方法的比较研究

快速无损检测大豆种子中的脂肪含量,在大豆品质育种和质量检测上至关重要.分别用索氏提取法、核磁共振仪及近红外谷物分析仪测定了5种国产大豆种子的脂肪含量,并对3种方法的测量结果进行了分析比较.结果表明:核磁共振法测定的结果与索式提取法更接近,偏差均小于0.95个百分点,最低偏差仅为-0.02个百分点;而近红外光谱法与索式提...     

南五味子果实多糖和脂溶性物质抗菌抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究南五味子果实多糖和脂溶性物质的抗菌抗氧化作用。[方法]采用水提取法、乙醚索氏提取法,分别提取南五味子果实多糖和脂溶性物质,并对其抗菌作用、抑制羟自由基能力进行研究,并初步鉴定果皮脂溶性物质的化学成分。[结果]南五味子果皮、果肉的脂溶性物质对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌作用,抑菌圈分别为19.39、18.28 mm;南五味子果皮、果肉、种子的脂溶性物质对枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌作用,抑菌圈分别为32.87、19.54、7.52 mm。南五味子多糖、果肉和种子的脂溶性物质,抑制羟自由基能力分别为4 011.48、3 079.01、1 082.66 U/m L。[结论]南五味子果实具有较强的抑菌作用及抑制羟自由基能力。南五味子可作为一种野生水果开发。     

国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳县实施的成效与启示

为今后奶牛改良工作成果的巩固和推广提供依据,对国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳实施的效果与措施进行总结.结果表明:累计使用良种冷冻精液细管23.7万支,生产改良奶牛3.15万头,且已有1.1万头的优质母牛已正式进入产奶阶段.良种补贴后代奶牛的头胎日产奶量达到27 kg左右,比同期母亲日产奶量高2 kg～3 kg;生奶平均乳...     

近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术分析奶粉品质的研究

奶粉中蛋白质和脂肪是影响奶粉营养品质的主要因素,利用近红外反射光谱分析技术对来自国内不同地区的奶粉共900份样品进行蛋白质和脂肪成分测定分析。研究了不同的样品数日、光谱预处理和散射校正技术对发展奶粉近红外测定定标模型的影响。结果表明．在样品数目为200—400范围内建立的定标分析模型较理想;数学预处理中以一阶导数较好,且以“1,4,4,1”的处理组合最为理想;光谱散射校正中采用“标准正态变量转换(SNV) 趋势变换法(De—trending)”的组合建立回归方程效果较好。利用改进最小二乘法回归技术(Modified PLS)建立多种定标模型,并进行交叉验证(cross—Validation)来分析各种因素对定标模型的影响。同时筛选出较理想的蛋白质和脂肪定标分析回归方程,其中蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关系数高速0．973和0．850。探讨了NIRS技术在建模应用中的一些影响因素,以及由NIRS技术建立奶粉分析模型用于快速分析和在线检测的可行性。     

共轭亚油酸对脂肪细胞成熟调控机理研究

共轭亚油酸(CLA．Conjugated linoleic acid)是一类具有顺、反异构体的十八碳二烯酸的统称,当前,CLA的生物学功能已成为研究热点,尤其在脂肪代谢调控上,具有降低脂肪沉积和血液胆固醇水平的功效。通过对CLA的脂肪细胞成熟(包括对脂肪细胞的增殖、分化,脂肪的沉积、甘油三磷酸的沉积等过程)调控机理的综合论述,以便为CLA更深入的研究提供参考。     

Interactions between dietary fatty acids and hepatic gene expression in livers of pigs during the weaning period

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary fatty acids (FA) during the weaning period on expression of genes involved in the oxidation and metabolism of FA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-), stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD), Δ6-desaturase (D6D), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)). Liver samples were obtained from littermates, either on day 28 of age just before weaning, or at day 56 after the 4 weeks ad lib. provision of 5% of either animal fat, fish oil or sunflower oil. In conclusion, genes involved in the regulation of FA conversion (SCD, D6D) were influenced by the n-6 to n-3 ratio, whereas the FA oxidation, as indicated by the expression of PPAR-, was highly likely regulated by the hepatic ratio between mono- and poly-unsaturated FA. Furthermore, weaning and/or age affected the hepatic expression of genes involved in FA synthesis and conversion, but not the expression of PPAR-.     

A comparative study of the metabolic effects of hypertrehalosemic hormone and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Several effects of hypertrehalosemic hormone (Peram-HTH) have been compared with the action of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The data show that both agents stimulate respiration while maintaining an R.Q. of approximately 1. The action of γ-HCH differs from that of Peram-HTH-I in that it promotes oxidation of large amounts of soluble carbohydrate. Recent studies show that Peram-HTH-I has an equally potent stimulatory effect on lipid deposition in the fat body and on the release of trehalose from the same tissue. It is of interest that γ-HCH not only increases triacylglycerol accumulation in the fatγ body but that this effect is more pronounced if the γ-HCH is applied to the ventral surface of the mesothorax. γ-HCH also depleted whole body glycoprotein and glycolipid whereas Peram-HTH-I had no effect on glycoprotein but increased that of glycolipid. It is clear that γ-HCH causes complex disruptions to the metabolism of the insect, many of which are related to the release of hormones. The study supports the idea that certain actions of γ-HCH are mediated through the release of Peram-HTH-I.     

Fat and fatty acid digestibility of different fat sources in growing pigs

The effect of fat source on fat and fatty acid (FA) apparent faecal (aFD) and ileal digestibility (aID) was studied in growing pigs. Faecal and ileal digestibilities were measured, using titanium dioxide as inert marker, in intact and ileo-rectally anastomosed pigs, respectively. Five different fat sources, added at 10% to a barley based diet (B), were tested: tallow (T), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSF), sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and a fat blend (FB; 5.5% T, 3.5% SO and 1% LO of diet).

Except for B and T, fat aFD and aID were relatively similar among diets and site of measurements and the same was observed when it was obtained from the sum of FA aFD. However fat and sum of FA aID varied according to dietary FA composition and it was inversely related with the saturated FA content, due to the lowest aID of palmitic and stearic. aID of linoleic in SO and linolenic in LO were higher than the respective FA of the other diets and no differences were observed for oleic acid. The aFD of the unsaturated FA was higher than the corresponding aID values, despite similar fat aID and aFD. This together with the lower (in some cases negative) aFD of stearic acid suggest that there is biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA in the hindgut. Measurement at the end of the ileum should give a better estimation of digestibility of fat and FA than at the faecal level.