中国共产党诞生以来农民的政治参与

农民的政治参与状况在一定意义上最能揭示出20世纪初期至21世纪初期中国农村社会民主发展的轨迹和中国民主化程度。政治参与的扩大是政治现代化的标志。没有农民的政治参与的现代化，就不可能有中国整个国家的政治现代化。文章从历史的角度时农民的政治参与进行疏理．这时中国农民政治参与以后的发展有参考价值，在建设社会主义新农村中，构建国家制度可容纳的农民政治参与成为当前农村基层民主建设的必要条件。     

中宁枸杞营销主体的发展现状、存在问题及对策研究

从枸杞营销主体的角度出发,对目前农产品营销主体在农业中的积极作用及中宁枸杞营销主体的现状、存在问题进行分析,提出了相应的对策.     

Demystifying farmers' entomological and pest management knowledge: A methodology for assessing the impacts on knowledge from IPM-FFS and NES interventions

Enhancing the environmental soundness of agricultural practices, particularly in high input systems, is of increasing concern to those involved in agricultural research and development. The Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field School, which is based on farmer participatory environmental education, is compared to the No Early Spray intervention, which is a simple rule approach. A research methodology was developed and tested in the Philippines to document farmers' pre- and post-intervention knowledge of rice field insects, insect/plant interactions, and pesticides. The results indicate that increased knowledge from education is linked to better pest management behavior. It is proposed that the methodology may also be useful for documenting other areas of knowledge, in the design of educational interventions for farmers and in assessing their impact. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

农民企业家成功因素研究——基于40位农民企业家案例的内容分析

通过对报道农民企业家的案例进行分析,揭示了农民企业家取得成功的关键因素,在此基础上提出了农民企业家成长与培养的路径,即解决文化水平低的瓶颈、转变相对滞后的管理模式、扭转资金短缺和融资不畅的困境。     

加强农民政治参与的制度建设

中国农民政治参与有很好的政治制度基础，但制度不完善、不健全，农民制度化参与少，非制度化参与多。为保证农民政治参与有序化、规范化、健康发展，须加强农民政治参与的制度建设，完善和创新各项法律制度。     

基于随机前沿分析的不同粮食生产规模农户生产技术效率差异及影响因素分析

本文以陕西省关中地区高陵县、泾阳县、岐山县三个地区不同经营规模农户为研究对象,运用超越对数生产函数对农户粮食生产的生产效率进行测度,并对影响农户生产技术效率的外生变量进行Tobit回归分析。结果表明:中等经营规模农户生产效率高于小规模农户和较大规模的农户;在影响因素中,劳动力年龄、农户家庭非农收入、农业与非农收入比例、农户播种面积、粮地租出比例、规模这些因素均对粮食生产技术效率有显著影响,而劳动力受教育年限和土地租出率均对生产技术效率无显著影响。     

农民专业合作社法立法完善需求的实证研究

为了使《农民专业合作社法》促进农民专业合作社的发展。以农民专业合作社为视角,探究他们在组织、运行中存在的问题是检验现行立法实施效果,并为立法完善提供着力点和目标方向的重要途径。从河北省内丘县农民专业合作社发展的调查来看,在其运行中存在着发展不平衡、管理不规范、融资渠道不畅、规模较小等问题。相应地《农民专业合作社法》应该从立法技术、制度设计上有所回应和调整。     

提高农民科技文化素质是解决“三农”问题的关键

"三农"问题的最终决定因素是人,因此农民科技文化素质提高就成为当前或今后相当长时期内的一项重要任务。在此，围绕这一想法从现代农业科技发展、农业现代化、外向型农业以及农民自身素质现状等方面谈及提高农民科技文化素质,培养新世纪现代农民的必要性，针对农民科技文化素质提高问题提出了一是实施旨在提高科技文化素质的农民全面教育培训行动计划，二是政府办学、企业岗位培训与农民自发求学相结合，三是拓展农业科技推广项目内容，利用参与式培训的方式，四是提高农村劳动力中农业科技人员比例和基层农技推广人员科技素质四点对策与建议。     

Land degradation and livestock production in Zimbabwe's communal areas

This paper considers evidence of land degradation and its impact on livestock production systems in the communal areas of southern Zimbabwe. Various measures of rangeland degradation, using both primary and secondary production indicators, are examined. An apparent contradiction emerges between the high observed levels of soil erosion and the lack of impact on livestock production, as measured by population density trends, cattle production parameters, cumulative stocking levels and extraction rates. Farmers' observations of land degradation processes support the quantitative data. A possible resolution of the contradiction lies in an assessment of the spatial and temporal dimensions of degradation patterns; this points to the fact that current erosion is concentrated in areas that are not key grazing resources for cattle. The analysis suggests an agenda for degradation research that concentrates on evaluating the time span over which economic impacts of soil erosion are felt and assessing the spatial pattern of soil loss, with a special focus on key grazing resource patches.     

Management trends and responses to water scarcity in an irrigation scheme of Southern Spain

Improvement of irrigation management in areas subjected to periods of water scarcity requires good knowledge of system performance over long time periods. We have conducted a study aimed at characterizing the behaviour of an irrigated area encompassing over 7000 ha in Southern Spain, since its inception in 1991. Detailed cropping pattern and plot water use records allowed the assessment of irrigation scheme performance using a simulation model that computed maximum irrigation requirements for every plot during the first 15 years of system operations. The ratio of irrigation water used to maximum irrigation requirements (Annual Relative Irrigation Supply, ARIS) was well below 1 and oscillated around 0.6 in the 12 years that there were no water supply restrictions in the district. The ARIS values varied among crops, however, from values between 0.2 and 0.3 for sunflower and wheat, to values approaching 1 for cotton and sugar beet. Farmer interviews revealed some of the causes for the low irrigation water usage which were mainly associated with the attempt to balance profitability and stability, and with the lack of incentives to achieve maximum yields in crops subsidized by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. The response to water scarcity was also documented through interviews and demonstrated that the change in crop choice is the primary reaction to an anticipated constraint in water supply. Water productivity (value of production divided by the volume of irrigation water delivered; WP) in the district was moderate and highly variable (around 2€ m⁻³) and did not increase with time. Irrigation water productivity (increase in production value due to irrigation divided by irrigation water delivered) was much lower (0.65€ m⁻³) and also, it did not increase with time. The lack of improvement in WP, the low irrigation water usage, and the changes in cropping patterns over the first 15 years of operation indicate that performance trends in irrigated agriculture are determined by a complex mix of technical, economic, and socio-cultural factors, as those that characterized the behaviour of the Genil-Cabra irrigation scheme.