An institutional case study of Japanese Water Users Association: towards successful participatory irrigation management

This paper examines irrigation management conduct within the Japanese Water Users Association (WUA), namely the Land Improvement District (LID). LID is regarded as a successful case of participatory irrigation management (PIM), in which there are few conflicts over water between farmers so that it attains high social cost performance. However, the management system of LID still remains obscure. We throw light on this system assuming the existence of "the rule of fairness". Farmers operate the irrigation facilities in a self-serving way and have their own rule of fairness, such as upstream superiority, based on the long-term experiences of irrigation systems. We defined this rule of fairness as made up of two components: one is "fairness of outcome" and the other is "fairness of procedure". Finally, we discovered that the approach of LID staff is the essential factor to satisfying the farmers' criteria of fairness and maintaining peace; LID staff place importance on farmers' customary rules, taking care to remain neutral in arbitrating quarrels between farmers and trying to ensure organizational transparency to farmers. This can be also a good lesson for future PIM projects.     

江苏省油菜施肥状况调查

采用农户抽样调查的方法研究了2007/2008年江苏省油菜施肥状况,分析了施肥中存在的问题.结果表明,在肥料品种上,施用尿素、复合肥的农户比例＞90％,单质P、K肥的比例＜20％,B肥的比例仅为6.5％.全省油菜N、P、K肥总投入量分别为263、113和110 kg/hm2,N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.43:0.42...     

农村电子商务发展带动农村经营新模式——基于江苏省“淘宝村”的案例研究

随着电子商务的发展,中国部分农村地区出现了一种特殊的现象,这些地区的很多农民都以在“淘宝”上开网店为生,所售产品基本来自于该村作坊生产.以“淘宝村”为代表的电商平台模式是一、二、三产业融合发展的实践成果.该研究以江苏省2种典型“淘宝村”——沙集镇东风村、颜集镇堰下村为样本区域,基于实地调研数据、案例分析以及理论研究成果,拟对这种新型农村经营发展模式进行分析.在了解运行现状的基础上,分析“淘宝村”发展至今存在的问题,为农村新型经营模式提供政策建议.     

农户种植业结构调整的意愿及其影响因素分析——以环北京地区为例

通过对环北京地区140 km圈层以内(北京10个区县,河北25个县)50个村的490个农户进行随机调查分析,研究了该地区近年来农户种植业结构调整的意愿及其影响因素。结果表明,随着城市居民食品消费需求的变化,环北京地区农户种植业结构已经发生了相应的变化,选择种植蔬菜、水果和干果等高产值作物的农户越来越多。基于我国落后分散的小农经济基本国情和日益发达的交通运输条件,地理区位因素对农户种植业结构调整的影响逐渐减弱,而农户富裕程度、劳动力机会成本和国家相关政策在新的历史时期成为影响我国农户种植业结构调整选择的重要因素。     

影响农民职业分化的经济因素探析

我国农民的职业分化是改革开放和经济发展的结果。对影响农民职业分化的经济因素进行了分析,包括总体经济增长、农业经济增长和结构调整、城乡收入不平衡和区域经济的不平衡。证明了经济因素是导致农民职业分化的先导性因素。     

Integrating new soybean varieties for soil fertility management in smallholder systems through participatory research: Lessons from western Kenya

The aim of this paper was to understand the process of selecting soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) promiscuous varieties by smallholders for soil fertility management in western Kenya. Eight varieties were screened on 2.5 m × 3 m plots that were managed according to farmers’ practices and evaluated through participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches. Farmers selected preferred varieties and explained their reasons (criteria) for making the selections. Seven promiscuous varieties had better yields than a local one. Farmers’ selection criteria fell into three broad categories relating to yield, appearance and labour. Selection criteria were not primarily aimed to improve soil fertility. This created a challenge to embed the new varieties within the local farming systems for soil fertility improvement. This study shows that farmer criteria for selecting varieties overlapped with scientific procedures. We propose co-research activities targeted to strengthen farmer experimentation skills, their understanding on N addition, and the role of P.     

论中国农民信息素养教育与社会主义新农村建设

通过对中国农民信息素养概念提出的时代背景和内涵的论述,以及对中国农民目前受教育现状和农民信息素养教育存在的不利因素分析,认为中国农民信息素养现状是由于中国教育培养目标主体错位、农村农民教育基础薄弱、组织教育功能弱化等不利因素造成的。明确指出中国社会主义新农村建设重中之重是加强中国农民信息素养教育,提升中国农民信息素养水平;并提出完善农村教育体系,重视农村职业技术教育,构建符合农民特点的信息素养教育模式的相应对策。     

加快信息化建设培育新型农民

本文以加快农业和农村信息化建设、提高农民素质为主题,阐述了培育新型农民对于建设社会主义新农村的重要意义;分析了当前我国农民文化教育基本情况;概括了近年来农业和农村信息化的发展趋势,从提高农民科技素质、经营能力和知识水平角度出发,论述了推进信息化、加快信息技术在农村生产生活领域推广普及的重要作用,并结合行业工作提出了以信息化为手段提高农民素质的具体措施和建议.     

2010年农民专业合作社发展新趋势

2009年，全国农民专业合作社蓬勃发展，呈现出数量增长快、带动农户多、产业分布广、服务内容宽等特征。2010年，农民专业合作社发展内涵不断丰富，规范化程度不断提高，“农超对接”步伐加快。创意农业产业将成为农民专业合作社的主战场。     

宁夏农民教育培训现状分析

结合实际工作情况,分析了宁夏农民教育培训存在的一些问题,探索了解决问题的办法。