农民专业合作社功能对社员农业现代化贡献性实证研究

农民专业合作社是走中国特色农业现代化道路的重要选择。为了研究农民专业合作社的各分功能对农业现代化水平的贡献程度,现通过对陕西省55个合作社及275个社员进行一对一调研获得数据,运用多元回归方法进行实证分析。结果表明:农民专业合作社的提供信息功能和销售功能对提高农业现代化水平有显著影响,在总结分析基础上提出了相应的对策建议。     

Resin Tapping and Forest Cooperatives in Honduras

Abstract

Case studies were completed on five Honduran agro-forestry cooperatives. A comparative instrumental analysis of the five case studies was utilized to determine the factors most important for success or failure of a cooperative. The case studies yielded ten focus areas of importance: forest resource base, land tenure, structure and governance, benefits for cooperative members and communities, institutional support, international aid projects, pine bark beetle, resin tapping, logging and marketing, and integration of logging and resin tapping.     

Toposequential Variation in Soil Fertility and Rice Productivity of Rainfed Lowland Paddy Fields in Mini-Watershed (Nong)in Northeast Thailand

Abstract

Mini-watersheds called Nongin Thai are geographical components of rainfed lowland rice culture in Northeast Thailand, and constitute distinct units in understanding environmental constraints for low and unstable rainfed rice production there. The toposequential variation of soil fertility and its relation to rice productivity within mini-watersheds, was examined by phytometry of sampled soils and field measurements of rice growth and yield. The phytometry experiment with irrigated potted rice using soils sampled from various rice fields within each mini-watershed, revealed that soil fertility as evaluated by rice dry matter production showed a 5 times difference among the fields at most. The difference in the soil fertility was ascribed primarily to that in nitrogen (N) supply capacity, which itself had a strong correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Accordingly, the biomass production of pot-grown rice was proportional to SOC. content, which suggested the usefulness of SOC as an index for soil fertility evaluation. The effect of clay on the soil fertility was much less than that of SOC. The actual rice yield in each field also showed quite large field-to-field variation, most of which was explained by the SOC content, rice growth duration and fertilizer application rate even though water availability also affected the yield. The yield positively correlated with growth duration and hence with earlier transplanting. Both SOC and clay contents of fields showed steep gradients with ascending field elevation within mini-watersheds, resulting in a marked toposequential distribution of rice yield. The toposequential distributions of SOC and clay contents imply that rice culture after deforestation accelerated soil erosion from upper to lower fields. The large toposequential gradient in soil fertility requires different resource and crop management for each toposequential position, in order to improve rice productivity of the mini-watershed as a whole.     

基于模糊综合评判法的供销社冷链发展模式比选

根据供销社物流发展特征与趋势,提出了自营型、加盟型、联合型3种供销社冷链物流发展模式;建立了包含综合评价指标及权重的方案比选体系,运用模糊综合评判法对3种方案进行打分和排序;并以高校专家组对某供销社冷链物流发展模式的评价比选为例,证明了该方法的可行性。     

延边州农民专业合作社调查研究

采用问卷调查和访谈的方式,对延边州农民专业合作社情况进行调查研究,分析了当前延边州农民专业合作社的性质与制度、业务与模式、政府及其他社会力量对合作社的扶持情况。结果表明,延边州农民专业合作社可持续发展动力不足,农民专业合作社合作模式简单,农民专业合作社扶持方式需要改善。在此基础上提出了促进延边州农民专业合作社发展的相关建议。     

蔬菜专业合作社产销管理平台建立及其应用评价

根据蔬菜专业合作社生产经营特点,从需求调查出发对其产销管理系统进行平台化应用开发。所建立的PMMS系统具有可拓展性,也较好地解决了社员使用门槛低的问题,分别集成了种植专家系统、质量管控追溯系统、产品订单管理系统和物流配送监管系统等多种系统。在上海恒孚蔬菜专业合作社应用的结果表明,全面导入PMMS平台并稳定运行后,社内的产品质量和安全性均有较大幅度提升;部分生产环节的成本有所降低,其年度平均新增收益率达到22.92%。     

新时代下促进农业专业合作社发展能力的思考

在新时代背景下,农民专业合作社面临着错综复杂的内部环境和外部环境,体现出了 鲜明的复杂性与长期性。必须切实增强农业专业合作社的发展能力,让广大农民群众真正受 惠,促进农村农业经济发展。为此,要强化研究农业专业合作社发展中的问题和影响因素。农 民专业合作社应该确定恰当的发展目标、寻求内外部合作,增强内部治理能力。国家和社会要 打造良好的外部发展环境,加速培养适应农业合作社发展的高素质人才,稳步增强合作社带头 人和社员的业务水平和综合素质,更好地提升农民专业合作社的发展能力。     

碳汇营林技术推广的认知基础测度与实证研究

基于文献回顾与理论假设,设计了一套用于测评农户对碳汇营林技术推广过程中内在认知基础的量表体系,并根据调研数据对该量表测度效果进行了实证检验。检验最终结果显示:在碳汇营林技术推广过程中,农户关于碳汇营林技术推广的交易成本与权利损失认知、农户关于碳汇营林技术推广的社会生态与经济收益认知、农户关于碳汇营林技术推广的组织参与认知等,都将对推广过程的实现度与满意度产生显著性影响。这一结果说明,本研究所提出的影响农户对碳汇营林技术推广的认知基础测度框架大体趋于合理并可以接受,这就为更进一步进行碳汇营林技术推广相关管理制度的设计与构建,提供了一个主观数据设置方面的实证支持。     

提高我国农民信息素养水平的思考

本文在探讨信息素养的内涵的基础上,提出了信息素养的定义。从我国农民信息素养整体不高和发展不均衡的现状出发,从农村信息基础设施不够完善、农民整体文化水平不高和农村信息教育力度不够三个方面讨论了目前存在的问题并分析原因,最后从加强农村信息基础设施建设、提高农民科学文化水平和改革农村信息教育方式三方面,提出了提高农民信息素养的措施。     

贫困地区基于农民专业合作社的土地流转模式及选择——以贵州、四川、甘肃三省为例

基于贵州、四川、甘肃三省贫困连片区的调研,采用问卷调查、关键人访谈和统计分析相结合的方法,总结出农户与农民专业合作社间土地流转模式主要有转包、转让、出租、入股、出租-入股5种,同时分析了每种模式的运作机制和利弊,并在此基础上为不同类型农户的土地流转模式选择提出建议。