完善农民专业合作社财务管理的思考

阐述了农民专业合作社发展过程中财务管理方面存在的问题,分析了其产生的原因,论述了规范农民专业合作社财务管理的必要性,提出了完善农民专业合作社财务管理的若干对策与建议.     

旬阳烟农专业合作社发展的主要制约因素与发展对策

结合安康旬阳烟农专业合作社发展现状,全面分析了旬阳烟农专业合作社建设中存在的主要问题。结合旬阳实际,针对性地提出了烟农专业合作社建设的对策,为加快烟农专业合作社建设和促进现代烟草农业建设提供参考依据。     

临沂市农民林业专业合作社发展数据分析

从临沂市农民林业专业合作社发展的现状出发,全面阐述全市林业合作社的特点和相关政策措施,并试图站在林业经济角度,以利润率、营销额、利润、注册资金等会计指标,以县区、类型为对象,分析全市林业合作社的发展与组成,并通过实例,分析测算入社社员具体的经济效益的变化。     

珠三角农业流动人口“代耕农”的社会融合问题——以中山市西区沙朗、隆平、隆昌社区为中心

"代耕农"是农业流动人口中的特殊弱势群体,对珠三角经济与社会发展有特殊的历史贡献。但其至今尚未真正融入珠三角的主流社会,始终保持着"定居不融合"的状态,体现出一定的社会不适应性。他们遭遇诸多社会排斥与歧视,面临居住隔离、交往狭隘及社会保障待遇不公等社会融合困难。以中山市西区的"代耕农"为中心,分析"代耕农"社会融合的基本状况及其制约因素,进而提出"代耕农"的社会融合路径。     

邛崃市三甲猕猴桃科技合作社运行机制探讨

采用案例分析的方法,以邛崃市三甲猕猴桃科技合作社为例,对其组织结构、运行机制及效益进行描述分析,得出该合作社使得生产成本降低、附加值提高,但仍然存在农户处于从属地位、利益分配较少的不足。     

新农村建设中环境公共物品的实证分析——以山西西北四县16个乡镇为例

2006年夏季对山西省西北4县的抽样调查,认为环境是农民最需要的公共物品,对农民支配自然界的两种模型进行了环境经济分析,最后提出了相关建议。     

农民专业合作经济组织创建的内部机制分析 --以制度创新中的博弈理论为视角

农民专业合作组织在实践中已经成为我国农村经济发展的合理选择,但在其创建过程中还受到多种因素的制约,运用新制度经济学有关制度变迁与创新理论,从合作组织发起人与社员的制度博弈均衡的角度阐发了合作组织创建的内在机制。     

农民创业者获取创业资源中社会网络的利用

农民创业活动已成为推动农村经济发展和农村城镇化进程的重要动力源泉，创业资源的获取是制约农民创业者的关键因素，而社会网络影响着农民创业过程中社会资源的配置，因此探讨农民获取创业资源的社会网络途径和机制有着重要的意义。运用问卷调查和统计分析的办法，就社会网络对农民创业者获取创业资源的影响作了分析，将农民创业者的社会网络按其关系密度进行了分类，深入分析了该社会网络的规模、密度、动态性和差异性，研究发现不同类型的社会网络在农民创业者获取资源过程中作用各有不同。     

Conservation in a changing world: <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> conservation of the giant maize of Jala

Using survey data from Jala, Mexico, this case-study evaluates in situ maize conservation of the variety ‘Jala’ (Zea mays L.). Though historically ‘Jala’ was the dominant variety grown in the valley of Jala, today less than 20% of farmers grow it on only 5% of the maize area. Younger growers of the ‘Jala’ variety specialize in it, growing relatively large amounts for niche markets. Older, diversified farmers grow small areas for household use and to compete in a local contest. Conservation of the ‘Jala’ variety has been heavily influenced by shifting ideal concepts of maize, as determined by market and consumption demands and by a contest designed to promote in situ conservation. The current move away from nationalized purchasing may favor ‘Jala’s’ continued conservation.     

Conservation value of dispersed tree cover threatened by pasture management

Trees dispersed in pastures are a prominent feature of many Central American landscapes, particularly in cattle producing regions where farmers retain trees to serve as shade, fodder, timber and firewood. The presence of dispersed trees in pastures is often considered as important for the conservation of biodiversity by providing habitat and enhancing landscape connectivity. However, despite their critical productive and environmental roles, little is known about tree distribution within pastures or how farmers’ management decisions influence the trees themselves and their impact on farm productivity and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present a synthesis of (a) the abundance, composition, and size of dispersed trees in four important cattle producing regions of Costa Rica (Caňas and Río Frío) and Nicaragua (Rivas and Matiguás), based on inventory of 18,669 trees on 1492 ha of pasture, (b) the local knowledge, management and use of trees by cattle farmers, and (c) opportunities for ensuring sustainable management of dispersed trees in pasture-dominated landscapes. Dispersed trees were common in all four landscapes, with mean frequency ranging from 8.0 trees ha⁻¹ in Caňas to 33.4 trees ha⁻¹ in Matiguás. A total of 255 tree species were found in pastures across the four landscapes. The total number of tree species per landscape varied from 72 in Rivas to 101 in Caňas and Rio Frio, with mean species richness per farm ranging from 22.9 in Rio Frio to 45.9 in Matiguás. In all four landscapes, a handful of tree species dominated the pastures, with the ten most abundant species in each landscape accounting for >70% of all trees recorded. Most of these common tree species provide fruits or foliage eaten by cattle, or are important timber or firewood species, and are deliberately retained by farmers for these uses. In all four landscapes, farmers had a detailed knowledge of tree attributes affecting pasture and animal productivity, and influenced tree cover through pasture management activities and occasional tree cutting. Current farm management practices are gradually decreasing the diversity of trees in pastures, and in some cases also tree density, reducing their contribution to farm productivity and biodiversity conservation. To reverse this trend, incentives are required to encourage cattle farmers to retain and enhance tree cover in pastures, through the adoption of pasture management practices that favor the regeneration and persistence of a diverse range of tree species.