华北落叶松人工林叶内营养元素含量的变异

通过固定标准木、定期采样和化学测定, 分析了华北落叶松人工林叶内营养元素含量随冠向、冠层和生长季节的变化而变化规律 结果表明: 叶的营养元素含量在不同冠向间有一定的差异, 但差异不显著不同冠层间叶的营养元素含量变化有一定的规律, N、P、K由树冠底部到树冠顶部是逐渐增加的, Ca则是逐渐减小, Mg的变化无一定规律 方差分析表明林木不同冠层的N、P、K、Mg含量差异不显著, Ca的含量则差异显著 树冠各层次针叶营养元素含量的平均值与树冠中部针叶的营养元素含量很接近, 建议进行营养元素概算以树冠中部的针叶为样品 华北落叶松人工林叶的营养元素含量随季节的变化而呈现有规律的变化 刚展叶的华北落叶松N、P、K、Mg含量很高, 展叶期明显下降, 之后随季节的变化逐渐下降, 落叶前期显著下降; Ca的含量随季节变化相反, 刚展叶含量很低, 随季节变化一直呈上升趋势, 落叶前达峰值 根据叶的营养元素含量的季节动态和变异规律, 确定的最佳采样时间为7、8月份     

杀青工艺对柿叶绿茶主成分的影响

研究了杀青条件对安溪油柿柿叶绿茶主成分的影响.结果表明:柿叶鲜叶不切,直接以炒青机炒青有利于柿叶绿茶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖等主成分的保留;杀青温度150℃、杀青叶量0.60kg、杀青时间2或3min的杀青条件能较好地保持柿叶绿茶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖和水浸出物等主成分.     

进一步提高农民组织化程度的对策研究

从现实出发,剖析了限制农民组织化发展的因素,研究了进一步提高农民组织化程度的相关可行性对策与发展新路径。     

临安山核桃产量的Lasso-灰色预测模型研究

为实现对山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg)产量的精确预测,分析了气候因素和种植规模对山核桃产量的影响,建立了Lasso回归和灰色预测组合模型,并以临安山核桃为例进行实证研究。结果表明,与Lasso-BP,Lasso-RBF以及Lasso-GRNN这3种模型的预测效果相比,Lasso-GM模型预测精度较高,平均相对误差达到6.99%,能够较好地掌握山核桃产量的变化规律。同时,预测结果也显示,到2024年临安山核桃产量处于稳步增长的态势。     

公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同研究——基于个体特征变量的探索调查

专业认同与研究生的成就动机、学习投入、生活满意度、职业发展等一系列学习、生活、工作成长过程要素息息相关,同时也会影响高校人才培养质量。以江西省三所高校310名公共管理学科硕士研究生为研究对象,基于个体特征变量:性别、年级、成绩、跨专业读研、学生助理工作经验、感兴趣的研究方向、毕业之后意向的调查,分析公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同状况,探究影响专业认同的因素。结果表明,三所高校公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同平均分值为3.57,总体水平不高,其各维度平均得分排序为专业情感(3.75)>专业认知(3.66)>专业行为(3.51)>专业适切(3.35);多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年级、是否跨专业读研、成绩排名等其他自变量对公共管理学科硕士生不具有显著影响,学生助理工作经验和感兴趣的研究方向对公共管理学科硕士生专业认同具有显著的影响。最后结合实际情况,对提高公共管理学科硕士研究生的专业认同提出建议。     

Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM⁺), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM⁺ and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM⁺ was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM⁺ approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.     

China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.     

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.     

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。     

日本环境保全型耕地农业系统对中国耕地保护的启示

为解决中国农业长期粗放经营问题,研究中国耕地与生态文明协同保护体系,采用文献研究法和归纳演绎法,分析东亚地区代表国家环境保全型农业下的耕地农业协同体系。研究表明,日本的耕地农业环境保护支付制度、生态补偿市场认证体系、耕地农业法律制度保障,是建立在生态补偿原则上,经过实践检验行之有效的,能够提升市场参与度及农民自主性投入的耕地生态协同保护措施。中国在推广耕地合理利用实践方面做出了不懈努力,但是在建立耕地生态协同保护的休耕制度、因地制宜建立生态补偿体系、加快推进耕地生态协同保护专项基金的设立等方面还需进一步坚持和完善。