原位杂交技术用于虹彩病毒对美国青蛙侵染的诊断

蛙虹彩病毒（Rana grylio virus,RGV)能引起鱼类、两栖类和爬行类水生动物严重的系统性疾病，RGV是从我国患病蛙中分离到一种虹彩病毒。体外扩增的RGV经人工方法感染幼龄美国青蛙（Rana grylio)，运用原位杂交技术，分别对感染1-3d后的蛙心、肺、肾、肠、脾、肝等6种组织进行RGV分子定位和检测，结果显示，在幼蛙的肺和肠中有较强的阳性信号，在其他组织中也检测到RGV的存在。本试验探讨了RGV感染早期在宿主体内的增殖及在不同组织中的分布状况，建立了一种彩虹病毒的早期诊断方法，并为揭示RGV的致病机制奠定了基础。     

Effects of Large Saddle Panels on the Biomechanics of the Equine Back During Rising Trot: Preliminary Results

The saddle panels, directly in contact with the horse's back, are likely an important element to optimize the fitting of the saddle, the comfort of the horse, and subsequently, the pain management in dorsalgic horses. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of the saddle panels on the horse's back, by evaluating a prototype saddle (comfort panels: CP) compared to a standard saddle (STD). The horse's back movements were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) fixed at the levels of thoracic vertebrae T6, T12, T16 (under the saddle) and lumbar vertebrae L2 and L5. The centers of mass (COMs) of the horse and the rider and limb's protraction-retraction angles, pressure between saddle and horse's back, and force on the stirrups were measured using respectively 2D motion capture, pressure mat and force sensors in the stirrup leather. Three horses were trotted at the rising trot (sitting: left diagonal-rider seated; standing: right diagonal-rider standing) by the same rider. To compare saddles, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. The estimated means (SE) were calculated. During sitting phase, pressure in the cranial and middle areas of the saddle significantly increased for CP compared to STD (+0.9 (0.2) kPa and +1.0 (0.1) kPa, respectively) whereas caudal pressure decreased (−1.8 (0.4) kPa). Concurrently, the range of motion of angles T12-T16 and T16-L2 under the saddle significantly increased (+1.8 (0.2)° and +2.3 (0.3)°, respectively). The results showed that modifications of the panels' shape not only affect the pressure distribution but also the kinematics of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the equine back.     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎组织病理学变化规律的研究

为制造疾病模型便于防治鸡肾型传支。将1日龄健康雏鸡70只分为A、B、C 3组(试验组、对照组和感染组),试验组人工接种IBV肾型毒株,感染组晚1 d放入试验组内混养,常规饲养管理,每日4次观察接毒后的临床症状,同时定期剖检病鸡和病死鸡,取多脏器固定于10%福尔马林液中、石蜡切片、HE染色,显微镜下观察组织病理学变化,按严重程度标+~++++后记录并标明曲线。结果表明,在整个试验过程中肾脏的病理变化最为严重并且持续时间较长,从第2天开始出现病变,并持续到第20天;其次是肺脏,病变出现在第5~16天;肝脏和肺脏的病变时间相同只是程度轻一些;心脏的病变出现在第6~13天。1 d后,感染组也出现相似的病理变化,说明此病的传染性很强。     

酒糟营养成分检测及其酶水解研究

文章测定了采自甘肃世纪金徽酒业集团公的酒糟营养成分,并对其进行了酶水解研究.结果表明：酒糟中蛋白质、淀粉和粗脂肪含量分别为14.03％、13.7％和3.4％,并富含维生素B族,其中维生素B6含量高达0.3 g/kg.矿物质元素钙、镁、锌、铁含量均远远高于其他常见粮食.含有的18种氨基酸中,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的30.27％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值43.40％.氨基酸比值系数法评价表明,该酒糟中必需氨基酸种类齐全,比值系数分（SRC）63.37,比例均衡.酶解结果表明,蒸汽加热处理（121℃,10 min）后酒糟的酶解效果优于超声波（400 W,15 min）处理,酶添加顺序为先加纤维素酶,后加糖化酶,酶添加量分别为纤维素酶（2 000 U/g纤维素）和糖化酶（1 000 U/g淀粉）,该条件下还原糖含量达49.75 mg/mL.     

家蚕EST数据库的应用现状及展望

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫,也是鳞翅目昆虫的主要模式生物。表达序列标签(EST)在家蚕研究中的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要介绍了EST数据库的建立及其在家蚕研究中的应用现状,展望了EST在家蚕中的研究趋势。     

The effect of geographic location, breed, and pituitary dysfunction on seasonal adrenocorticotropin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone plasma concentrations in horses

Background: Plasma α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations in horses vary with season, confounding diagnostic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Hypothesis: The goals of this study were to determine whether seasonal variation in plasma α‐MSH and ACTH concentrations in horses is influenced by geographic location, breed, or PPID. Animals: Healthy light breed horses residing in Florida, Massachusetts, and Finland (n = 12 per group); healthy Morgan horses (n = 13); healthy ponies (n = 9) and horses with PPID (n = 8). Methods: Monthly plasma α‐MSH and ACTH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to estimate the time of peak hormone concentrations. Mean hormone concentrations in fall and nonfall months were compared. Results: The fall peak plasma α‐MSH concentration occurred earlier in horses residing at more northern locations. Mean seasonal α‐MSH concentrations were similar in all healthy groups at all locations, but in the fall, plasma ACTH concentrations were higher in horses living in more southern locations. Plasma ACTH but not α‐MSH concentrations were higher in Morgan horses compared with light breed horses from the same location. Hormone concentrations of ponies did not differ from those of horses during either season. Concentrations of both hormones were high in the fall compared with the spring in horses with PPID. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These findings suggest geographic location of residence and breed may affect the onset, amplitude, or both of the seasonal peak of pars intermedia (PI) hormones and should be considered when performing diagnostic testing for PPID. Horses with PPID maintain seasonal regulation of PI hormone output.     

抚育间伐对马尾松生物生产力的影响

对20年生马尾松人工林生物量的研究表明,全林生物量38.42吨/公顷,间伐后年生产量6.49吨/公顷林木根量5.73吨/公顷,相对生长率19.0％,净同化率0.253公斤/米~2·年,生产力水平偏低。林分抚育间伐后,林木的生物生产力得到提高。建立了林木各器官干重与直径树高的8个相关方程,相关系数均在0.92以上。通过叶面积及其生长函数分析,林分密度过高,生长速率降低,建议及时合理地调节林分密度。     

ICP-OES及ICP-MS法高效快速测定马奶样品中矿物质元素含量

[目的]建立全自动石墨消解—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法对马奶中的常量及痕量矿物质元素进行测定。[方法]采用全自动石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对马奶中钾、钠、钙、磷4种常量元素进行测定,利用重量法配制标准溶液,以铑元素作为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对马奶中铝、砷、硼、钡、铍、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锂、镁、锰、镍、铅、锑、锡、锶、钛、铊、钒、锌、硒共23种元素进行测定。利用生物成分分析标准物质对结果进行质量控制。[结果]常量元素在0~20 μg/mL、痕量元素在0~200 ng/mL 具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数均可达到0.999以上,ICP-MS法各元素检出限在0.001 10~1.578 ng/mL,ICP-OES法各元素检出限在0.010 0~0.068 8 μg/mL;多次对生物成分分析标准物质中矿物质元素含量测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于11%(n=6),且测定结果与标准值相符。[结论]该方法线性相关性、检出限、准确度等方面能够满足准确、高效测定马奶中矿物质元素含量的要求。