农作物秸秆综合开发利用技术研究

农作物秸秆是农业生产的主要副产品，也是工农业生产的重要资源。本文介绍了农作物秸秆综合利用概况，论述了当前农作物秸秆综合利用的技术方法，提出了农作物秸秆未来综合开发利用的基本途径。     

农用运输车制动系制动力分配系数的确定

目前我国农用运输车在制动器匹配设计中存在两个主要问题：空载同步附着系数小及附着效率低。通过计算分析说明提高制动器制动力分配系数β值对解决以上两个问题是有利的，但也指出β值的提高又带来降低后轴附着重量的利用及丧失转向能力等不利影响     

滑柱摆臂式悬架车辆之转向梯形断开点的确定

根据机构学原理,将目前农用运输车采用的滑柱摆臂式悬架等效成铰接四杆机构;通过实例计算和断开点主要影响因素分析,提出了正确选择转向梯形断开点位置的新方法。     

甘肃陇西黄土高原旱作区土壤水分变化规律及有效利用程度研究

运用陇西黄土高原6个农业气象基本观测站土壤湿度资料(1982~2000年),分析了该地域土壤水分构成特征及0~200cm土壤水分运行、变化规律,拟合了100cm土层内土壤贮水及水分累积耗散曲线,分季节评述了区域内各地水分有效利用程度。     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

农业技术和气候变化对农作物产量和蒸散量的影响

随着农业生产条件的改善、品种改进和有利的气象条件的变化, 世界各地的作物产量得到大幅度提高, 但作物的蒸散量却未出现大幅度提高。本文以石家庄气象站1955~2007 年的气象资料为基础, 分析了河北省冬小麦和夏玉米生长期间主要气象因素变化, 结合中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站长期定位灌溉试验的研究结果, 分析了农业生产条件和气象因子变化对冬小麦和夏玉米产量及耗水量的影响。结果表明,1955~2007 年冬小麦和夏玉米生长季的气象因子发生了变化, 日照时数、相对湿度、风速、气温日较差显著降低, 最低气温、平均气温和积温显著升高, 气象因子的变化对作物总蒸散量未产生明显影响, 但由于降水减少,作物生长期间的灌溉需水量呈增加趋势。长期灌溉试验结果表明, 随着农业生产条件的变化和品种的改良, 冬小麦和夏玉米的产量不断增加, 而耗水量的增加幅度小于产量增加幅度, 夏玉米的耗水量呈稳定状态。节水技术的推广和应用对维持耗水量稳定起着非常关键的作用。     

来自多方的声音：构建中国开放科学创新生态——第十届中国开放获取推介周（China OA Week）会议综述

[目标/意义]2021年第十届中国开放获取推介周(10th China OA Week)的主题为"开放科学的意义和影响",标志着中国最主要的开放获取平台主题正式转向开放科学,契合形势发展需要。[方法 /过程]本届会议邀请到国内外的多方专家与代表,分专题探讨开放科学目标、关键问题、实践案例并提出发展建议。[结果 /结论]会议呼吁构建中国开放创新生态,初步勾画出中国开放科学发展现状。响应国家提出的推动开放科学发展要求,China OA Week平台及其研讨成果将持续助力中国开放科学事业的推进。     

海南中部国家重点生态功能区农户粮食生产与生态要素的函数研究——以琼中县为例

以重点生态功能区内的琼中县为例,将自然资本和农户家庭特征作为生产要素纳入水稻的生长函数中,根据农户问卷调查数据,结合遥感信息解译结果,构建了琼中县水稻生产函数。结果表明:村庄内部及周边的天然植被、人工林面积均与水稻单产存在显著正相关;在琼中县目前的施肥情况下,尿素与水稻产量存在正相关,而复合肥和磷肥与水稻单产没有显著相关关系;农户劳动力是影响水稻单产的重要因素,随着外出务工人数的增加,水稻单产呈下降趋势;非农家庭的水稻产量显著低于纯农家庭和兼业家庭。     

农业建筑蒸发降温技术研究与应用的现状及展望

农业建筑中夏季蒸发降温技术已开发与研究的有湿垫风机、细雾、喷淋与雾帘等方式。该文评述了国内外研究与应用的现状与发展趋势。湿垫风机发展较成熟,应用广泛,应继续完善,同时应开展对细雾降温等其它方式的研究。     

提高畜禽生产力的新技术研究

综述了提高畜禽生产力的新技术.分别为:改变循环系统或组织中生长激素浓度;改变生长激素生物效能促进动物生长和泌乳;基因"敲除"技术和动物克隆技术.