污泥对白菜·生菜和番茄种子发芽率的影响

[目的]研究城市生活污水厂污泥对生菜(Lactuca sativa var. ramose)、白菜(Brassica pekinensis)和番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)种子发芽率的影响。[方法]通过盆栽试验,测量污泥施用量对生菜、白菜和番茄的种子发芽率的影响。[结果]随着污泥施用量的增加,生菜、白菜和番茄种子发芽率降低。[结论]污泥对生菜、白菜和番茄的发芽率有明显的抑制作用。     

苦荞麦毛状根的诱导研究

利用发根农杆菌Ri1601浸染苦荞植物预培养2d的叶片外植体,经不同时间的共培养和除菌培养后获得毛状根。经硅胶薄层色谱板检测表明,发根农杆菌Ri1601和苦荞叶片上未经转化产生的不定根都不含有冠瘿碱;而经发根农杆菌Ri1601遗传转化后所产生的毛状根有冠瘿碱的存在。因此,可确定苦荞叶片上产生的毛状根为发根农杆菌Ri1601转化所得。建立了用发根农杆菌Ri1601诱导苦荞植物叶片产生毛状根的有效方法。     

Phylogenetic analysis of AGAMOUS sequences reveals the origin of the diploid and tetraploid forms of self-pollinating wild buckwheat,Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi

Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi is a self-pollinating wild buckwheat species indigenous to eastern Tibet and the Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces of China. It is useful breeding material for shifting cultivated buckwheat (F. esculentum ssp. esculentum Moench) from out-crossing to self-pollinating. Despite its importance as a genetic resource in buckwheat breeding, the genetic variation of F. homotropicum is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of the diploid and tetraploid forms of F. homotropicum based on the nucleotide sequences of a nuclear gene, AGAMOUS (AG). Neighbor-joining analysis revealed that representative individuals clustered into three large groups (Group I, II and III). Each group contained diploid and tetraploid forms of F. homotropicum. We identified tetraploid plants that had two diverged AG sequences; one belonging to Group I and the other belonging to Group II, or one belonging to Group II and the other belonging to Group III. These results suggest that the tetraploid form originated from at least two hybridization events between deeply differentiated diploids. The results also imply that the genetic diversity contributed by tetraploidization of differentiated diploids may have allowed the distribution range of F. homotropicum to expand to the northern areas of China.     

吉林地区露地樱桃番茄品种比较试验

选择4个樱桃番茄品种通过露地栽培进行品种比较试验,以了解不同樱桃番茄品种在吉林地区的产量、品质等特征特性,从中筛选出适合吉林地区种植的最佳樱桃番茄品种。结果表明：红圣女品种的产量最高,品质最佳,商品性最好,适合吉林地区栽培。     

类番茄茄(Salunum lycopersicoides)与栽培番茄杂交的细胞学研究

类番茄茄LA1990与栽培番茄P180正反交都不亲和。其中,LA1990×P180杂交组合的不亲和发生在花粉管在花柱中生长的阶段,花粉管不能伸到胚珠内发生双受精。P180×LA1990杂交组合的不亲和发生在胚胎发育阶段,胚乳在胚发育的早期就瓦解,胚因缺乏营养最后死亡。     

Variation in Seed Shape and Husk Color in Japanese Native Cultivars of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Abstract

The variation in seed shape and husk color was investigated in 56 Japanese native cultivars of common buckwheat. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the cultivars in seed shape characteristics and husk colors. The 1000-seed weight (1000-SW) ranged widely, from 20.4 to 39.0 g, among the cultivars. The cultivars collected from the Kanto region of the mainland had a large length and width of seed and heavy 1000-SW. On the other hand, the cultivars from the Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan had a small length and width of seed. The length and width of seeds showed a high positive correlation. The cultivars with a high 1000-SW showed a slight difference between length and width of seed and were typically the triangular type in seed shape. The length/width ratio (L/W) depended on the width rather than the length of seed, though both were negatively correlated with the L/W. Highly positive correlations were found among the L*, a* and b* husk color value. The L* showed a highly positive correlation with growth duration, and the husk color of the cultivars became more deep black as growth duration decreased. The husk color of the cultivars from the Kyushu region (long growth duration) was grayish brown, but that of the cultivars from Nagano Pref. (the shortest growth duration) was characterized as typically deep black. The cultivars collected at lower latitude regions tended to have a lighter color of husk than those from higher latitude regions. The cultivars from the Tohoku region showed a smaller variation for seed size characteristics and 1000-SW, and the cultivars from the Kyushu region showed a smaller variation for husk color.     

甜荞子粒总黄酮提取工艺的优化

为了充分利用荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)资源,以内蒙古甜荞子粒为研究对象,利用乙醇提取法提取子粒中总黄酮,并对其工艺进行优化.最终得出荞麦子粒总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数65％,水浴时间80 min,水浴温度60℃,料液比1:20(m/V,g:mL).     

8年以上温室冬春茬番茄平衡施肥技术研究

为了改变生产者在保护地蔬菜种植上施用化肥的盲目性、随意性和轻视有机肥的现象,解决因保护地土壤退化、养分比例失调而造成的土壤养分供应障碍,生理性病害普遍发生的问题,采用大田试验方法,于2005-2007年在连作番茄8年以上温室内,开展了生产上普遍应用的习惯施肥与全部用化肥、化肥+有机肥平衡施肥3种施肥方法对番茄的影响对比试验研究。结果表明,2种平衡施肥处理较习惯施肥,可显著改善植株生物学性状,减轻番茄生理性病害,改进番茄品质;极显著地提高番茄产量和效益,其中667m2分别增产27.5%和34.9%,分别增收4413.7和4872.1元;平衡施肥以化肥+有机肥在培肥地力,改善番茄品质,提高产量和经济、社会、生态等综合效益上更优更符合农业发展方向,值得在生产上推广应用。     

Relationships between cold- and salt-tolerance during seed germination in tomato: Germplasm evaluation

Thirty tomato accessions representing six Lycopersicon species were evaluated for the rate of seed germination under no stress, cold-stress and salt-stress conditions. Most accessions responded similarly to both cold- and salt-stress conditions (i.e. they were equally sensitive or tolerant to both stresses), however, a few accessions exhibited more sensitivity (or tolerance) to one stress than the other. In addition, some accessions that germinated relatively rapidly under non-stress conditions exhibited great sensitivity to both cold stress and salt stress. Across accessions, significant (P < 0.01) positive phenotypic correlations were observed between germination rate under control and cold stress (r_P= 0.89), control and salt stress (r_P= 0.63) and cold stress and salt stress (r_P= 0.77). The results indicate that the rate of tomato seed germination under non-stress, cold- and salt-stress conditions may be controlled by the same genes (or physiological mechanisms), but additional components may be involved which affect germination rate under specific stress conditions.     

Genetic diversity of Fagopyrum homotropicum, a wild species related to common buckwheat

Nineteen natural populations of Fagopyrum homotropicum, a self-fertilizing close relative of common buckwheat, from the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China were investigated for their chromosome number and allozyme variation at 16 loci of 11 enzymes. Three populations, 'Deqin', 'Zhongdian', and 'Xiancheng', were revealed to be allotetraploid. Judging from allozyme constitution of the tetraploid and their possible progenitors, diploid progenitors are probably the diploid population of F. homotropicum from Lijiang and a natural population of F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis. Diploid populations of F. homotropicum are fixed for a given allele at almost all isozyme loci. Allozyme variation has been maintained in natural populations mainly by fixing different alleles in different populations, as they are highly differentiated among the populations (G_st = 0.969). The position of populations in the phylogenetic tree constructed from genetic distance nearly corresponded with the geographical position of the populations.