稀土农膜转光材料合成与性质研究

采用乙醇 水溶液析出法合成了 1 1种以稀土三价铕离子为中心离子 ,以 β二酮 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮、二苯甲酰甲烷、苯甲酰丙酮 )和芳香羧酸 (肉桂酸、烟酸 )为主配体 ,有机胺类 (邻菲咯啉、三辛胺、三乙胺 )为协同配体的二元及三元配合物 ,通过荧光光谱和TG DTA谱线分析配合物荧光性能及热力学稳定性结果表明 ,所合成的配合物中仅三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )和三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )荧光强度高于对照 ,且依次为三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) >三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) >对照。三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )和三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )起始分解温度分别为 2 2 0℃和 2 5 0℃ ,高于膜的加工温度 ,可满足生产需要。而三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )生产成本低于对照和三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) ,因而更具竞争优势     

FTIR‐spectroscopic characterization of humic acids and humin fractions obtained by advanced NaOH,Na4P2O7, and Na2CO3 extraction procedures

Aim of our study was the development of the methodological basis for the characterization of humic fractions of a long‐term field experiment. Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from three layers of a nontilled soil using three different extractants (1 M NaOH, 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇, 1 M Na₂CO₃), and the humin fraction was enriched. NaOH as extractant for FTIR analysis of humic substances yields higher resolved IR spectra, especially in the important regions of stretching vibrations including aromatic and aliphatic groups and in the fingerprint area including amides, aliphats, and aromats than the other extractants. The NaOH extraction has lower extraction yields as compared to Na₄P₂O₇ and Na₂CO₃ and represents a different part of the soil organic matter (SOM). This is reflected by lower C : N ratios and higher E₄ : E₆ and fulvic acid–to–humic acid ratios as compared to the other extractants. The FTIR band areas of HA fraction obtained by NaOH showed an increase of the aromatic and carbonyl groups and a decrease of amide groups with increasing soil depth. Aliphatic groups showed contradicting results: The bands of the stretching vibrations increased, and the band of the bending vibrations decreased. We assume that band interactions in the bending vibrations were responsible for that phenomenon under the assumption of an increase of aliphatic groups with increasing soil depth. The IR bands of the enriched humin fraction showed a decreasing trend in case of both aliphatic bands deriving from stretching vibrations and an increase of aromatic characteristics with depth. Our study led to the conclusion that HA fractions obtained by 1 M NaOH represent a small and dynamic fraction indicated by the measured yields in combination with values of N_t, C : N, E₄ : E₆ ratios, and ratios of fulvic acids (FA) to HA. The humin fraction has a high contribution to the total organic C and represents a more stabilized fraction of SOM which still shows changes in its aromatic and aliphatic characteristics with soil depth.     

Substrate utilisation profiles of microbial communities in peat are depth dependent and correlate with whole soil FTIR profiles

A multiple substrate induced respiration (SIR) assay, using ¹⁴C-labelled carbon sources, was used to evaluate community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of the microbial community in peat horizons of differing degrees of humification. The separation and grouping of the peat horizons by CLPP was similar to the pattern produced by analysis of the organic carbon chemistry of the peat horizons by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and therefore reflected the level of decomposition. Partial redundancy analysis showed that a large proportion (68.7%) of the variability in the CLPP data could be attributed to the ratio of polysaccharide to ‘carboxylate’ FTIR bands alone. The multiple substrate SIR technique may, therefore, be a powerful technique to further elucidate the influence of the microbial constituent of peat on the potential activity and patterns of cycling of labile carbon in peatlands.     

Effects of physicochemical and structural properties of single and double feedstuffs derived from different botanic sources on in vitro starch digestion and glucose release kinetics

Starch is the largest constituent in animal diets. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the variability of basic physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestion of starchy feedstuffs and investigate relationship between physicochemical properties and starch digestion of the feedstuffs, and (b) to explore the effects of different sources of starchy feedstuffs on starch digestion and glucose release. In this study, we determined the inherent molecular structure and granular structure of starch and chemical compositions of seven starchy feedstuffs, as well as starch digestion in single feedstuff and different feedstuffs combined with corn. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed significant difference between granule shape and size of starch of different feedstuffs. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra for barley and wheat had lower (p < 0.05) absorbance band at areas A_860 and A_928 than other feedstuffs, yet rice starch had the lowest value for ratio (R) (1047/1022). Moreover, digestion rate ranged from 0.0157/min for resistant starch (sorghum) to 0.029/min for rapidly starch (broken rice). The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that predicted glycaemic index (pGI) was positively related to A_1022, glucose and rapidly (RDS) content and negatively related to A_995, A_1047, R (1047/1022), resistant starch (RS) and amylose content. Most of the feedstufss with corn combination had no effect on rate of starch digestion. In addition, different starchy feeds and corn combination changed the rate of starch digestion, when barley, however, sorghum combined with corn seemed to affect rate of starch digestion. To sum up, different sources differed in basic physicochemical and structural properties, which would influence the digestion rate of starch and the release of glucose. Combination of different feedstuffs particular sorghum with corn has interactive effect on starch digestion and the release of glucose.     

烯丙孕素固体分散体的制备及其释放度的测定

研究旨在提高烯丙孕素（altrenogest,ALT）在水中的分散度及其生物利用率。采用溶剂法（乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖）和溶剂-熔融法（聚乙二醇6000、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乳糖）制备ALT固体分散体和缓释硅胶栓剂;分别对ALT的线性关系、固体分散体的稳定性、仪器精密度以及加标回收率进行了考察,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和显微镜法对其表观形态进行观察鉴定分析,缓释试验测定14 d内ALT缓释度。结果显示,ALT在1~12 μg/mL浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系（R²=0.9996）,仪器精密度良好（RSD=0.48%）,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的稳定性考察结果较好,RSD分别为0.57%和0.58%,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的加标回收率数据之间变异较小,回收率较高;原药和固体分散体的红外光谱图和显微镜成像图均表明形成了ALT固体分散体;溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体最优组合为ALT∶乙基纤维素∶羟丙基甲基纤维素∶乳糖=1∶0.6∶1∶6;溶剂-熔融法制备ALT固体分散体的最优组合为ALT∶聚乙二醇6000∶单硬脂酸甘油酯∶乳糖=1∶10∶1.5∶6;溶剂法与溶剂-熔融法制备的缓释硅胶栓剂的缓释试验表明,在0~48 h ALT浓度逐步增加,分别于第144和48 h时达到峰值,分别为37.73和30.46 μg/mL,此后分别维持在21和13 μg/mL以上。通过对比,以溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体缓释效果优于溶剂-熔融法,且该ALT固体分散体的制备方法简单,所用载体原料无毒性,为该固体分散体在体内的进一步应用提供了参考依据。     

合成脲醛树脂胶粘剂的FTIR分析

本文用FTIR分析比较了脲醛树脂合成过程中主要基团含量的变化情况,探讨了脲醛树脂胶粘剂合成机理。分析研究表明:随着缩聚反应的进行,醛基吸收峰呈明显减弱;降低反应介质的pH后,羟基含量减少明显,此阶段是整个脲醛树脂合成的关键阶段;后续加入尿素调整F∶U,游离甲醛与尿素的反应比较缓慢,醛基吸收峰面积减少幅度不大;在接近脲醛树脂缩合反应终点时有甲醚键副反应物产生。     

35个白杨派树种过氧化物同工酶数量分类研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳系统对河南杨属白杨派１０种、８变种、９变型和８无性系的过氧化物同工酶进行了测定。结果表明，银白杨等１０种杨树，均有特征酶谱；毛白杨酶谱具有多态特性；每个变种、变型及无性系也有特征酶谱，或与其它变种、变型、无性系的酶谱带数目、宽度、Ｒｆ及其活性强弱有别。采用系统聚类方法对３５种杨树酶谱各因子进行综合性探讨，结果与其形态分类、酶谱分类相吻合，但与白杨派系统分类和毛白杨种下系统分类单位不一致，既不支持白杨派分为３亚派（白杨亚派、毛白杨亚派和山杨亚派，山杨亚派又分３系，山杨系、齿叶山杨系和响叶杨系）的观点，也不支持毛白杨种下分意见的观点。同时进一步提示出：毛白杨酶谱，不是其杂交亲本酶谱的简单叠加，而其酶谱错综复杂，即其形态的多样性与酶谱的多态性、起源的多种性，既不吻合，也不平行，它们的谱系图呈交叉网状结构而特异。     

nisin Z铰链区电荷突变体抑菌性的研究

以含nisZ基因的质粒pHJ201为模板,对乳链菌肽铰链区进行定点突变,并以pMG36e为载体,转入受体菌L.lactis NZ9800进行表达,研究不同电荷铰链区突变体的特性及结构。结果表明,9个突变体中除N 20En is in Z,M21E nisinZ和K22E n is in Z失去抑菌活性外,其余突变体的抑菌活性均有下降;N20K nisinZ和M21KnisinZ突变体的抑菌谱发生了变化,其对革兰氏阴性菌沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和假单胞菌均有抑菌活性。CD谱表明,在波长210~220 nm区,N 20K nisinZ和M21KnisinZ的-αhelix值均较野生型nisinZ略有提高。     

基于曲线拟合的蚕豆病害叶的FTIR研究

用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究蚕豆病害叶片,结果显示不同病害蚕豆叶片红外光谱图整体相似,它们的红外光谱主要由蛋白质、脂类和多糖的振动吸收带组成,仅在1800～1300 cm－1范围光谱的峰位、峰形及吸收强度有一些微小差异。对1800～1300 cm－1波数范围的光谱图进行二阶导数处理,结果显示蚕豆病害叶的二阶导数谱差异明显。对健康和病害蚕豆叶1700～1500 cm－1范围光谱进行傅里叶自去卷积和曲线拟合处理后,得到蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带（1550 cm－1）、木质素（1605 cm－1）和酰胺I（1650 cm－1）3个子峰,相应子峰的峰面积比例显示差异,黄化卷叶病分别为24．01％、36．55％、39．44％,赤斑病分别为15．42％、42．98％、41．61％,轮纹病分别为32．39％、35．63％、31．98％,锈病分别为13．97％、46．40％、39．65％,健康叶片分别为38．86％、28．68％、32．47％,健康叶的酰胺Ⅱ带子峰相对面积比病害叶的大,而其木质素子峰相对面积比病害叶的小。对于子峰面积比 A1563／A1605、A1650／A1605和 A1563／A1654,4种病害叶的比值均比健康叶的相应数值小,4种病害叶之间也有差异。结果表明傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结合曲线拟合可望对不同病害的样品进行有效鉴别。