互花米草厌氧发酵渣活性炭的制备 表征及吸附性能研究

利用废弃物互花米草厌氧发酵渣为原料,以H3PO4为活化剂,于N2保护下,在不同的活化温度(400～700℃)和剂料质量比(0.5～3.0)条件下制备活性炭,以低温液氮(N2/77.4K)吸附测定活性炭的比表面积、孔容及孔径分布,以FTIR、pHFZC 测定分析活性炭表面化学性质;以亚甲基蓝为特征污染物,考察所制备的活性炭成品的吸附能力.结果表明,随着剂料质量比的增大,活性炭孔径分布变宽,中孔所占比例增大;在所考察的活化温度范围内,活性炭N2吸附容量大小与BET比表面积呈现相同的趋势.活化温度为500℃、剂料质量比为2.0条件下所制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能良好,最大吸附容量可达243.90 mg·g-1,符合Langmuir吸附等温模型.亚甲基蓝Langmuir最大吸附容量与活性炭BET比表面积存在一定的线性关系.该活性炭制备方法为互花米草厌氧发酵渣的综合利用找到了新的途径.     

Effects of drawing speed and water on microstructure and mechanical properties of artificially spun spider dragline silk

The effects of drawing speed and water on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Araneus Ventricosus spider dragline silk were investigated with polarized Raman spectroscopy and mechanical property tester. The major ampullate silk (MAS), spider dragline silk was made by drawing from major ampullate glands of Araneus Ventricosus spider at the rates of 1, 10, 20, 40, and 110 mm/s, respectively. It was found that MAS silk drawn at 20 mm/s contained the most of β-sheet polypeptides with the high orientation and the least of α-helix. The results also revealed that dragline silk spun at aqueous condition (WDS) had lower content and orientation of β-sheets than those at ambient condition (DDS); the existence of water led to smaller tensile strength at break and initial modulus, but larger tensile strain at break of dragline silk.     

基于棉花冠层光谱的土壤氮素监测研究

通过连续2年小区氮肥试验,在棉花不同生育期采集冠层高光谱数据并同步测定土壤氮含量,分析棉花冠层高光谱参数与土壤氮含量间的关系,建立基于植株冠层光谱的土壤氮含量估算模型。结果表明:土壤全氮含量随着施氮水平的增加而增加,且差异显著;基于棉花不同时期冠层光谱构建的14种光谱参量与土壤氮含量间的相关性有显著差异。其中,利用冠层光谱参数P_Area1100、Depth980、Area672、PPR(550,540)建立的土壤氮含量监测模型分别在蕾期、花期、铃期、吐絮期4个关键生育期对土壤氮含量的预测均达到了较高的精度,能够很好地反映棉花土壤氮素营养状况。利用植株冠层光谱参数可以很好地监测土壤氮素营养,说明利用植株冠层光谱方法监测土壤氮含量是可行的。     

基于红外光谱三级鉴别技术的螺旋藻产品品质分析

【目的】利用红外光谱技术分析天然螺旋藻、螺旋藻粉和螺旋藻片的主要成分,为螺旋藻相关产品品质检测和真伪鉴别提供一种快速、准确和有效的方法。【方法】采集2种天然螺旋藻、4种螺旋藻粉和4种螺旋藻片的红外光谱（FTIR）,解析样品的红外光谱、二阶导数光谱和二维相关光谱确定出主要吸收官能团,主体成分以及不同样品之间的差异。通过扫描电镜图像（SEM）、样品蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成的测定结果对红外光谱中的差异进行说明。【结果】天然螺旋藻的红外光谱在1 154/1 156 cm-1、1 079 cm-1和1 039/1 035 cm-1出现3个糖类特征吸收峰;二维相关红外光谱在1 161、1 138、1 083、1 054和1 026 cm-1出现5个强自动峰。螺旋藻粉和螺旋藻片的糖类特征吸收峰形状和位置与天然螺旋藻不同,并且二维相关红外光谱中自动峰减少。天然螺旋藻蛋白质的α-螺旋含量为24.6%,螺旋藻粉和螺旋藻片中α-螺旋含量在15.0%左右。在二维相关红外光谱中天然螺旋藻的酰胺带吸收峰光滑、少分叉,可完全分离的两个尖峰,而螺旋藻粉和螺旋藻片的酰胺带吸收峰宽,分离度不好,并且出现多个分叉峰。蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成测定结果表明螺旋藻产品中蛋白质含量过高,且氨基酸组成与纯螺旋藻的氨基酸组成存在很大差异。【结论】红外光谱技术可以对天然螺旋藻、螺旋藻粉和螺旋藻片的糖类和蛋白成分的差异进行鉴别,并为螺旋藻产品的品质评价和真伪鉴别提供一种有效方法。     

Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of some transition metal(II) complexes with acetone p-amino acetophenone benzoylhydrazone

Complexes of the type [M(apabh)Cl] and [M(Hapabh)(H₂O)SO₄], where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II); Hapabh = acetone p-amino acetophenone benzoylhydrazone have been synthesized and characterized. Electronic spectra and μ_eff values suggest a square planar geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) chloride complexes, whereas, octahedral geometry for the sulfato complexes. ESR data show isotropic spectra for [Cu(apabh)Cl] and axial spectra for [Cu(Hapabh)(H₂O)SO₄] and d_x²_−y² as the ground state for both Cu(II) complexes. The ligand acts as tridentate monobasic in all chloro complexes bonding through two >CN and a deprotonated enolate groups, whereas tridentate neutral in all sulfato complexes coordinating through two >CN and a >CO groups. Thermal analysis (TGA & DTA) of [Ni(apabh)Cl] complex shows a multi-step exothermic decomposition pattern. The complexes show a significant antifungal activity against Rizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. and a considerably fair antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. and Clostridium sp. The activity increases at higher concentration of the compound.     

热力学因素对绵羊重组朊蛋白体外构象转化的作用

构建了绵羊朊蛋白的原核表达载体,获得了高纯度的融合表达蛋白。并在热力学因素的作用下,研究了重组绵羊朊蛋白的构象转化。以基因型为ARQ/ARQ蒙古绵羊的血液DNA为模板,利用DNA重组技术,将绵羊朊蛋白正常成熟蛋白基因OvPrP插入表达载体pET30a,在大肠杆菌BL2l(DE3)中高效表达,获得的表达产物以包涵体形式存在,并对其进行纯化和复性。超滤浓缩后浓度约为0.5 mg/mL的OvPrP97-234,进行热力学处理,利用远紫外线圆二色谱(CD)分析热力学处理前、后蛋白的二级结构的变化,同时,对热力学处理前、后的蛋白进行了蛋白酶K抗性的检测,并对其高级结构进行了预测。结果表明:获得的表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析可见分子量为16kD的蛋白条带,Western-blotting的鉴定证实了所获得的蛋白是特异性的朊蛋白。经Jascow32软件分析,测得天然构象的OvPrP97-234的二级结构含量为:α螺旋为28.8%、β折叠为0%、转角和无规卷曲为71.1%,无蛋白酶K的抗性。经过热力学处理之后,OvPrP97-234的二级结构含量为:α螺旋为19.3%,β折叠为36.9%,转角和无规卷曲为43.8%,有一定...     

三氮唑类西佛碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱法研究

用荧光光谱及紫外吸收光谱方法,研究了一种三氮唑类西佛碱与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用,分析了不同温度下西佛碱对BSA的荧光猝灭作用。研究表明三氮唑类西佛碱对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,西佛碱对BSA的荧光猝灭作用属于静态猝灭。并根据修正的Stern-Volmer方程,计算了西佛碱与BSA间的结合常数Ka,根据非辐射能量转移理论求得了西佛碱与BSA间的结合距离r;用Van,t Hoff方程计算了热力学参数,用三维荧光光谱研究了BSA构象的变化和用分子对接方法研究了西佛碱与BSA的结合位点,热力学数据表明二者主要以氢键和范德华作用力结合。     

蔬菜中叶绿素的提取和检测

采用薄层层析法提取新鲜蔬菜中的叶绿素,测定其吸收光谱。结果表明,薄层层析法是一种简单、高效、快速的提取蔬菜中叶绿素的微量分析方法。     

Effect of acetylation on the chemical composition of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in relation with the physical and mechanical properties

Common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a highly underused wood species despite its great hardness, strength, wear-resistance and toughness. It is mainly used as firewood in Hungary because of its wood defects, irregular shape and low-dimensional stability. These wood defects and small breast height diameter result in a low yield. It is non-durable outdoors as it tends to turn grey, crack and be attacked by wood-decaying organisms. Indoors it lasts for hundreds of years. One technology that could improve the stability and durability properties is acetylation. Hornbeam was acetylated with the Accoya® method under industrial conditions. The aim of this research was the assessment of acetylation affecting the chemical properties of hornbeam wood and how these are related to the change in physical and mechanical properties. Main wood constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, Klason lignin, extractives and ash content) were determined and compared. Chemical parameters related to the degradation of structural polymers were also evaluated (total phenolic and soluble carbohydrate contents, pH and buffering capacity, furfural, levulinic acid, formic acid, acetic acid). Structural changes in acetylated wood and in the Klason lignin fraction were also assessed using FTIR spectroscopy.     

Leaf structure and chemical compositions are correlated with cotton boron efficiency

In this study, in order to investigate the boron (B) efficiency and response to changes in leaves structure and chemical compositions correlated with B efficiency, two different cotton genotypes including genotype 103 and genotype 122 were treated by B-deficiency (0 mg L^?1) or moderate B (0.2 mg L^?1). All the seedlings were grown in hydroponics situation with modified Hoagland and Arnon solution under greenhouse conditions for 6 weeks. The changes in chemical compositions and cell structure of leaves as a consequence of B deficiency were revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the leaves of genotype 122 appeared crinkled and prolapsed having more obvious symptoms than genotype 103. Besides, the dry mass of every part was higher while B concentration was lower in genotype 103, indicating that genotype 103 was much tolerant to low B, which was related to higher B utilization efficiency of genotype 103 under B-deprived condition. In addition, B deficiency stunted the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose and lignin, which is noticed more seriously in leaves of genotype 122, and the structure and integrity of cells were significantly destroyed by B starvation. These results indicated that genotype 103 had higher B efficiency than genotype 122, and the changes in the chemical composition and cell structure might be either specific or adaptive responses to B efficiency.