口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征3种疫苗同步两点免疫的田间应用试验

为探索农村散养猪口蹄疫（foot-and-mouth disease,FMD）、猪瘟（classical swine fever,CSF）、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,HP-PRRS））疫苗的最佳免疫程序,在2个镇开展田间免疫试验,A镇采用"332法"免疫程序,即先用FMD和CSF疫苗同时在颈部分两侧注射,间隔14 d后再用HP-PRRS疫苗注射;B镇采用"321法"免疫程序,即将CSF和HP-PRRS疫苗混合后作一针在颈部一侧注射,FMD疫苗作一针在颈部另一侧注射。应用ELISA方法检测FMDV、CSFV和HP-PRRSV抗体,应用RT-PCR方法检测FMDV、CSFV和HP-PRRSV病原;统计、分析生猪免疫密度、免疫副反应率、生猪死淘率、散养猪抗体阳性率、屠宰猪抗体阳性率、死淘猪病原阳性率、屠宰猪病原阳性率等指标。结果显示,应用"321法"的B镇与应用"332法"的A镇相比,其HP-PRRS免疫密度、散养猪CSFV和HP-PRRSV抗体阳性率、屠宰猪HP-PRRSV抗体阳性率均显著增加（P<0.05）,散养猪死淘率、HP-PRRSV阳性率均显著下降（P<0.05）,而其他主要考核指标则差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,应用"321法"免疫程序的免疫效果优于"332法",值得在临床推广应用。     

Quantification of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cytokine expression in response to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine

This study describes the quantification of cytokine expression of vaccinated water buffaloes with FMD inactivated vaccine. Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNγ); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFα) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. It was noted that IFNγ, IL-10 and TNFα had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. The counteraction between IFNγ and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. These findings suggest that within the immune system of water buffalo there is a dynamic cell-mediated and humoral interaction in response to immunogen. This assessment of the cytokine expressions is vital for the study of water buffalo disease progression and concurring protective immune responses.     

口蹄疫免疫与疫苗关系研究进展

免疫是预防口蹄疫的重要理论基础,研究动物机体针对口蹄疫的免疫机理,寻求预防口蹄疫的技术途径,为疫苗研制提供技术支撑。本文主要研究口蹄疫的体液免疫,细胞免疫以及细胞因子在预防口蹄疫方面的重要机理,以及各种口蹄疫疫苗在免疫学方面的优缺点,以便为最大程度的利用其免疫优势,为口蹄疫新苗的设计和防控提供理论依据。     

高效体积排阻色谱检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗中146S抗原含量的疫苗前处理方法比较

为提高高效体积排阻色谱检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗146S抗原含量的准确性、适用性和操作性,分别采用正戊醇、正丁醇和三氯甲烷对9批口蹄疫灭活疫苗进行破乳处理,对三种方法的破乳后水相得率和146S抗原含量的色谱检测结果进行比较。结果表明,破乳后水相得率分别为:正戊醇38%~49%,正丁醇42%~44%,三氯甲烷50%;9批疫苗的色谱结果均检测到146S特征峰,146S含量在0.7~12.5μg/mL,3次测定的相对标准偏差最大值为4.0%,9批疫苗不同前处理方法的检测结果均值具有统计学意义,三氯甲烷组与正戊醇组数据一致性强,正丁醇组测定值偏低。使用三氯甲烷对疫苗进行破乳,不仅操作简便快速,而且破乳水相得率稳定,是最优的破乳方法。实验进一步优化了口蹄疫灭活疫苗146S抗原含量检测的高效体积排阻色谱法,为该方法的科学应用提供了数据支撑。