江门市规模化奶牛场2018—2019年O型、A型和亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测结果分析

[目的]为了解江门市规模奶牛场口蹄疫免疫情况,有针对性开展防控。[方法]在2个规模奶牛场中随机监督采集奶牛血清进行检测,根据国标用ELISA法检测O型口蹄疫抗体,用液相阻断ELISA法检测A型和亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫抗体。[结果]240份样品中O型、A型和亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫抗体合格率依次为99.6%(239/240),92.9%(223/240),81.7%(196/240),差异显著(P<0.01);但A场2019年亚洲Ⅰ型合格率仅65.0%(39/60),未达农业农村部规定的70%标准,以及B场2018年亚洲Ⅰ型合格率仅71.7%(43/60);其他项目合格率均在80%以上。[结论]江门市规模奶牛场口蹄疫总体免疫效果较好,奶牛群能得到有效保护,但亚洲Ⅰ型合格率相对偏低,相应场应加强免疫和检测。     

口蹄疫A型病毒AF/72株特异性鉴定及其豚鼠标准血清的制备

用口蹄疫A型病毒AF/72株的细胞毒AF/72/MF6/BF12,经测定其TCID50为108.0/ml;经RT-PCR获得其VP1基因序列,并与GenBank中的其他7株口蹄疫A型病毒株比对,同源性均大于85%;经间接夹心ELISA测定,OD值均大于0.2,且该毒仅能被口蹄疫A型标准血清中和,具有型特异性;经紫外分光光度法测定其146S含量,均值为189 ng/ml,远大于22 ng/ml的国际标准.将此细胞毒与弗氏佐剂联合制成灭活疫苗免疫豚鼠后分离血清,经无菌检验和外源病毒检验,纯净性达到兽用生物制品标准要求;经ELISA检测此血清的抗体滴度、原血清、强阳性血清和弱阳性血清的中和效价均远小于1 ∶ 45.参照标准的要求,确定强阳性血清为口蹄疫A型病毒株AF/72的参考血清.     

实验条件下山羊绒洗净因素对口蹄疫病毒的影响

模拟我国和蒙古国洗净羊绒企业山羊绒洗涤工艺,进行了不同的洗涤水温及作用时间、不同的烘干温度及作用时间对口蹄疫病毒灭活作用的检测。结果表明,水温在64℃以下处理60min不能灭活羊绒中的口蹄疫病毒NM-zg99毒株,65℃处理60min、66℃处理45min、75℃处理10min、80℃处理5min能灭活羊绒中的口蹄疫病毒;高温烘干对羊绒中口蹄疫病毒的灭活与温度和作用时间密切相关,70℃处理约35min、75℃处理约25min能灭活口蹄疫病毒,80～90℃处理20min、95～105℃处理15min、110℃处理10min能使口蹄疫病毒失活。该试验结果为我国制定进口洗净毛、绒检验标准提供了参考数据,并对洗净羊绒企业改进羊毛、绒洗涤工艺具有指导意义。     

Saponin Adjuvants. IV. Evaluation of The Adjuvant Quil a in the Vaccination of Cattle Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease

The saponin adjuvant Quil A has been investigated in the vaccination of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease. Using a Frenkel type vaccine a dose-response relationship has been established between Quil A and neutralizing antibody titres. Ten ml of vaccine was combined with 0, 50, 200, 800, and 3200 µg of Quil A. The combinations were each injected into 4 animals. The local reaction on the site of injection produced by injection of the vaccine alone and in combination with different doses of Quil A has been estimated. On this basis a therapeutical dose at 1 mg of Quil A has been estimated to combine maximum adjuvant effect with a minimum of adverse reactions. This dose has been tested in the vaccination of cattle with FMD vaccines derived from BHK suspension cell virus of type O and A respectively. The vaccines were tested in 10 ml and 5 ml doses with or without Quil A, and each in 4 animals. It is concluded that Quil A is a valuable adjuvant for use in the induction of neutralizing antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease in cattle.     

甘草多糖提取工艺的研究及其对小鼠免疫口蹄疫疫苗后细胞免疫的影响

以优化甘草多糖的提取工艺及开发其有效成分的药用价值为研究目的。本研究采用水提醇沉、膜提取法2种工艺提取甘草中有效成分甘草多糖(GPS)并测定其含量,以筛选最佳的提取工艺。研究不同工艺条件下提取的甘草多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响、以及口服用于猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫后的小鼠,检测血中IL-2、IL-6含量,观察甘草多糖(GPS)对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示膜提取法对甘草多糖提取效果最好(P0.05);在静止态淋巴细胞增殖试验中,所表现出的促增殖作用强于甘草多糖其他各组(P0.05);GPS-2组也能升高口蹄疫疫苗免疫后小鼠血液中IL-2、IL-6含量(P0.05)。     

黔西县几个种猪场生猪疫病血清学调查报告

采用正向间接血凝（IHA）试验随机对3个1000头以上种猪场的90份血清,进行了猪口蹄疫（FMD）、猪瘟（HC）血清学监测;同时还采用一步法猪瘟（HC）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）疫病病毒反转录（PCR）对血清进行了检测。结果表明,种猪场的FMD、HC免疫合格率分别为85.56%和87.78%,均达到国家农业部规定70.0%的标准;用PCR法检测HC、PRRS阳性检出数为0。     

Impact of foot-and-mouth disease on pork and chicken prices in Central Luzon,Philippines

Central Luzon is the number one pig-producing region in the Philippines and was affected by Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) in 1995. In this paper, the impact of FMD on the Central Luzon meat market from 1995 to 1999 was examined. Employing the error correction model (ECM) and historical decomposition, the impact of FMD on the Central Luzon pork and chicken meat market was quantified. The following findings were observed: (a) pig farm and pork wholesale prices dropped 11.8% and 15.7%, respectively, after the initial FMD outbreaks in January, 1995; (b) in February, 1995, chicken farm and wholesale prices declined by 21.1% and 14.2%, respectively (while chicken retail prices also went down by 10.5%); (c) the margins of pig and chicken traders were also adversely affected at some point; and (d) FMD caused changes of dynamic interdependence among prices by meat type at different levels of the meat supply chain.     

Healed long-bone fractures in wild birds

AIM: To build a profi le of the oral lesions that occur in sheep in New Zealand that need to be considered within the differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease.

METHODS: Lesions of the anterior lips and gums of sheep were surveyed in two abattoirs, photographed, and described grossly and histopathologically.

RESULTS: A sequence of lesions in order of age and stage of healing are described and illustrated, and their pathogenesis discussed. Lesions of the midline of the lips and gums of traumatic or irritant aetiology were common, and the prevalence was higher in adult sheep than in lambs.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of lesions observed appeared to be primarily of traumatic aetiology. They probably arose from the fright/flight response behaviour of sheep, resulting in the mouth impacting against wire fences or yard railings while being handled. A smaller percentage of lesions may have been due to abrasive or irritant feed or soil. The presence of plant material and bacteria in lesions delayed healing and contributed to the formation of ulcers.     

Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade

Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older. Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8% in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was 0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116) tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%). The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease, and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia.     

O型FMDV VP1基因与山羊IL-18基因在昆虫细胞中的共表达与活性检测

以杆状病毒pFastBacTM Dual为载体,将O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP1基因和山羊白介素18(gIL-18)基因,分别插入到双表达载体的P10启动子和多角体蛋白启动子PH的下游,构建重组质粒pFastBacTMDual-gIL18-VP1,然后转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,经三重抗性与蓝白斑筛选,获得杆状病毒重组质粒Bacmid-gIL18-VP1,并利用昆虫细胞进行转染。间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测表明gIL-18基因和VP1基因同时在同一细胞中独立表达。将共表达产物进行生物学活性分析表明,重组蛋白能够诱导山羊脾淋巴细胞生成IFN-γ抑制水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)在牛肾细胞(MDBK)上生长。本试验用Bac-to-Bac系统成功构建了同时含有gIL-18基因和VP1基因的重组杆状病毒,并在昆虫细胞中得到了高效表达,且具有良好的生物学活性,从而为下一步研究gIL-18在口蹄疫(FMD)中的免疫调节作用奠定了坚实的基础。