口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定操作程序的确立

为优化用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的改良Lowry法,进而确立口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的操作程序,探索了有机溶剂破乳剂、酚红以及丙酮沉淀对测定结果影响。结果表明：样品中含酚红和有机溶剂均导致测定值较标准值高;有机溶剂破乳后,水相样经过丙酮沉淀测定值较标准值低;丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质值与标准值符合度最高,丙酮沉淀回收率随蛋白浓度升高而升高,回收率在90％～100％之间。试验首次确立了改良Lowry法检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗中蛋白质含量的操作程序为丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质浓度。并成功应用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量的测定。     

口蹄疫及检测技术进展

口蹄疫包括七个主要的血清型,被国际兽疫局定为一类传染病,我国农业部也将其列为一类传染病。因为近年频繁爆发,严重威胁到畜禽生产和人类自身生存安全,同时由于亚型多、抗原变异性强、宿主范围广等原因,其生态学和公共卫生学意义有极其重要的作用,本文就它的感染机制和各种诊断与防制措施进行概述,从而阐述目前口蹄疫的诊断技术进展状况和进展。     

口蹄疫A型病毒AF/72株标准乳鼠组织毒的研制

用口蹄疫A型病毒AF/72株的第3代乳鼠组织毒,通过乳鼠适应至6代,获得该毒株的乳鼠组织毒AF/72/MF6,经测定其LD50为10^-8.0·mL^-1;经RT-PCR获得其VP1基因序列,并与GenBank中的其它6株口蹄疫A型病毒株比对,同源性大于85%;经无菌检验和外源病毒检验,纯净性达到兽用生物制品标准要求;经间接夹心ELISA测定,OD值均大于0.2,且经乳鼠中和试验证实该毒仅能被口蹄疫A型标准血清中和,具有型特异性;经紫外分光光度法测定其146S含量,均值为189 ng·mL^-1,远大于22 ng·mL^-1的国际标准。综合纯净性检验、特异性检验和146S含量测定结果,可确定AF/72/MF6为口蹄疫A型病毒AF/72株乳鼠组织毒的标准毒。     

口蹄疫病毒完整病毒粒子定量方法的研究进展

口蹄疫疫苗的有效抗原成分为完整的口蹄疫病毒粒子(146S),疫苗的效力与疫苗中含有的146S具有极大的相关性。因此对疫苗的生产过程及产品进行146S的定量检测是非常重要的环节。目前对146S定量的方法主要是超速离心的方法,除此之外,ELISA检测也越来越受到关注,同时很多研究人员也在积极探索其他更为简便快捷的检测方法。作者主要对各种146S的定量方法作一综述。     

The effect of depopulation and restocking on reproductive and growth performances on Japanese commercial swine farms

This study compared the reproductive and growth performances of pigs before and after depopulation andrestocking after a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Japan. Data for the time period before and afterdepopulation and restocking were obtained from three farrow-to-finish farms. As a result of depopulation andrestocking, hygiene levels were improved, and common infectious diseases, such as porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome and Aujeszky’s disease, remained undetected on the farms. Compared with beforedepopulation, reproductive and growth performances improved after depopulation; the number of total pigs bornwas higher, the postweaning mortality rate was lower, and the age at slaughter was lower(P<0.05). In summary, depopulation and restocking improved the reproductive and growthperformances of pigs.     

二辛可宁酸试剂定量蛋白质与口蹄疫抗原的研究

二辛可宁酸(bicinchonininc acid,BCA)可用于精确定量蛋白质。用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心的方法纯化口蹄疫146S抗原。BCA试剂定量0～200 μg/ml的白蛋白和该纯化抗原,紫外分光光度计560 nm波长读取结果（OD值）,白蛋白检测结果用SPSS软件进行线性和回归分析,发现数据相关性、线性显著,计算出了回归方程,绘制出了蛋白质含量与OD值之间的标准曲线。将纯化抗原的数据代入回归方程计算出该抗原的含量。     

The North American Animal Disease Spread Model: a simulation model to assist decision making in evaluating animal disease incursions

The North American Animal Disease Spread Model is a stochastic, spatial, state-transition simulation model for the spread of highly contagious diseases of animals. It was developed with broad international support to assist policy development and decision making involving disease incursions. User-established parameters define model behavior in terms of disease progression; disease spread by animal-to-animal contact, contact with contaminated personnel or equipment, and airborne dissemination; and the implementation of control measures such as destruction and vaccination. Resources available to implement disease control strategies, as well as the direct costs associated with these strategies, are taken into consideration. The model records a wide variety of measures of the extent of simulated outbreaks and other characteristics. The graphical interface and output visualization features also make it a useful tool for training and preparedness exercises. This model is now being used to evaluate outbreak scenarios and potential control strategies for several economically important exotic animal diseases in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. NAADSM is freely available via the Internet at http://www.naadsm.org.     

口蹄疫诊断技术的研究进展

综述了口蹄疫的诊断方法,包括临床诊断、病毒分离、血清学、分子生物学及一些新型的诊断技术,尤其对ELISA、PCR和基因芯片等快速、灵敏的诊断技术做以阐述,对其优缺点进行比较。     

猪O型口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果评估

为了考察市售高效灭活疫苗与政府采购疫苗免疫效果之间差异分别选取了两家疫苗公司生产的政府采购疫苗和高效灭活疫苗,分别在4个猪场展开免疫效果评估。4个猪场按照相同的免疫程序进行免疫,分别采集免疫前、加强免疫后30 d、加强免疫后60 d的血清,用O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA试剂盒进行抗体检测。结果表明,加强免疫后30 d,抗体平均效价依次为1∶196.9、1∶251.9、1∶256.0、1∶243.8。高效灭活苗与政府采购疫苗在同样的免疫程序和免疫剂量下,同一时间点其抗体水平效价差异不显著;但免疫副反应方面,高效灭活疫苗比政府采购疫苗低,且差异极显著。     

进境动物及动物产品传带SAT型口蹄疫的风险评估

SAT型口蹄疫(foot and mouth disease,FMD)已从传统流行区域非洲大陆传播至西亚、中东地区,对我国畜牧业发展构成了潜在威胁.为评估SAT型FMD跨境传入风险,采用定性评估方法,对进境动物及动物产品传带SAT型FMD的风险进行了综合评估.结果表明,从疫区进口相关动物及动物产品传入SAT型FMD的风...