2000年以来中国芦笋的国际贸易及产业竞争力研究

中国是世界芦笋生产大国,面积和产量都位居世界第一,芦笋产业已发展成为具有竞争优势的新兴产业,在全球芦笋贸易中占有举足轻重的地位。为了研究中国芦笋的国际贸易和产业竞争力,根据FAO、WTO和中国海关（一般贸易）的芦笋贸易数据,对中国芦笋的进出口贸易现状进行了分析,选取生产者价格、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和出口价格比4个分析指标,对中国芦笋的产业竞争力给予评价。结果表明：中国芦笋贸易以出口为主,一直处于贸易顺差状态,2008年以后,进口增长很快,进出口差距显著缩小,2019年进口量是出口量的1/3,而进口额超过了出口额。芦笋价格方面,中国芦笋生产成本和生产价格较低,占据优势,但是出口单价和出口额相对也较低,出口创汇不显著,2013年以来进口单价快速上涨超过了出口单价,进口芦笋价格昂贵,未来芦笋进口不会明显增加,出口保持稳定。在国际芦笋出口大国中,秘鲁、墨西哥基本上是芦笋净出口国家,具有极强的贸易竞争力;其次是希腊,竞争力指数也较高;美国、西班牙、荷兰的优势也比较明显。中国是全球最大芦笋生产国,但芦笋的国际市场占有率不高,贸易竞争力指数为正数时接近1,出口额远大于进口额,反映出中国芦笋...     

企业主导型农产品行业协会与协会外部企业间的博弈分析

农产品相关企业加入相应的企业主导型农产品行业协会的过程是企业和协会博弈的过程,企业的加入行为受利益最大化动机的驱使。研究结果表明:①冷酷战略是整个子博弈的纳什均衡,说明企业是否加入行业协会是建立在严格的约束和惩罚机制的基础上的;②加强自律和法律监管力度是行业健康发展的前提保证;③由于行业协会的努力而给企业带来的效益增值越大,则企业给行业协会奖励的动机越强。     

欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的影响分析

本文分析了欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的可能影响途径和机制,并利用双边农产品贸易数据对欧债危机的影响进行了初步判断。结果表明,虽然年度长期趋势所反映的欧债危机影响不明显,但是月度短期趋势反映欧债危机已经致使中欧农产品贸易出现明显的增长放缓趋势,且影响在危机核心国和非核心国之间的差异不明显,具有整体性的特征。因此,不能因为年度农产品贸易额还在快速增长而盲目乐观,而必须加强监测和采取积极的应对措施。     

我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力的实证分析

依据气候减缓项目选择可贸易的碳库，利用森林蓄积量扩展法，计算了2008年和2011年橡胶林碳汇量，进而以2011年为基期，测算了2015年我国橡胶林的碳汇贸易潜力。计算结果表明，到2015年，我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力为248.61万t，占现有碳储量的10.62%，碳汇量年均增长速度呈下降趋势，显示出我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力的后劲不足。最后提出了依靠内涵式增长途径来提升碳汇潜力的几点建议。     

关于进一步发展蛟河市旅游业的思考

近年来，蛟河市森林旅游发展快，形势育人，特别是１９９５年成立拉法山国家森林公园以来，根据当地特点，在旅游开发、在旅游开发、促销、接待旅游团体等方面下了很大功夫，建立了有特色的民俗村、渡假村等，已基本形成了四大景区十个景点，总投资额达５６００多万元，从业人员达２８００多人，总产值达１２０００多万元。     

Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of Entry: 1985–2000

Since 1985, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has maintained the 'Port Information Network' (PIN) database for plant pests intercepted at the U.S. ports of entry. As of August 2001, PIN contained 6825 records of beetles (Coleoptera) in the family Scolytidae that had been intercepted during the years 1985–2000 from countries outside of North America. Of the 6825 scolytid interceptions, 2740 (40%) were identified to the species level, 2336 (34%) to only the genus level, and 1749 (26%) were identified to only the family level. Of the 49 identified scolytid genera, the 10 most common were Hypothenemus (821 interceptions), Pityogenes (662), Ips (544), Coccotrypes (520), Orthotomicus (461), Hylurgops (327), Hylurgus (266), Tomicus (194), Dryocoetes (166), and Hylastes (142). The 10 most common identified species were Pityogenes chalcographus (565 interceptions), Orthotomicus erosus (385), Hylurgops palliatus (295), Ips typographus (286), Hylurgus ligniperda (217), Ips sexdentatus (157), Tomicus piniperda (155), Hylastes ater (75), Hypothenemus hampei (62), and Polygraphus poligraphus (48). Of these 10 species, H. palliatus, H. ligniperda, and T. piniperda are known to be established in the continental U.S. The scolytids were intercepted from 117 different countries; the top 12 countries were Italy (1090 interceptions), Germany (756), Spain (457), Mexico (425), Jamaica (398), Belgium (352), France (261), China (255), Russia (247), India (224), U.K. (151), and Portugal (150). The scolytids were intercepted in 35 U.S. states and 97 port cities. In general, there was a positive relationship between the number of scolytid interceptions from individual countries and the value of the imports from those countries. Overall, 73% of the scolytids were found in solid wood packing materials, 22% in food or plants, and 5% in other or unspecified materials. The products most commonly associated with scolytid-infested wood packing materials were tiles, marble, machinery, steel, parts, ironware, granite, aluminum, slate, and iron. The food products and plants that were commonly infested with scolytids included nutmeg, palms, coffee beans, kola nuts, and macadamia nuts.     

日本肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响和对策

分析了日本肯定列表制度、我国出口食用菌的现状和问题以及肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响．提出了加强农残监控、强化原料基地管理、严格卫生注册登记管理、加强农资销售市场管理、加强食用菌农药使用的研究与指导、完善标准体系6个方面的应对措施。     

科学用药 规避风险 确保我国水产品出口贸易健康发展－－日本水产养殖用药规定解析

2006年11月22日,日本发布实施了《水产养殖用药第20号通报》(以下简称"第20号通报"),对水产养殖用药种类、有效成分、适用对象、适应病症、用法、用量、休药期等有关规定进行了调整。"第20号通报"是目前日本指导本国水产养殖者安全用药的准则。介绍了日本水产养殖管理体系、对"第20号通报"的内容进行了解析,并就如何规避风险、确保我国水产品进出口贸易健康发展提出了建议。     

Introductions of non-native plant pathogens into Great Britain, 1970–2004

An analysis of records of plant pathogens first identified in Great Britain from 1970 to 2004 (inclusive) was undertaken to determine the numbers of new species that have become established over time. Results show that the numbers of newly recorded pathogens have not varied significantly. Of the 234 pathogens recorded for the first time between 1970 and 2004, 157 were fungi, 27 were oomycetes, 26 were viruses, 23 were bacteria, and one was a phytoplasma. Approximately 53% of pathogens were found on ornamental crops, 16% on horticultural crops, 15% on wild native species, 12% on agricultural crops, 2% on pasture plants and 2% on exotic forestry tree species. Where the origin of introductions was known or strongly suspected, 47% came from the Netherlands. About 38% of newly recorded pathogens with information on the location of first record were discovered in the South East region of England. Plant Pathologists regarded 19% of all new pathogens as important because of actual or potential economic/environmental losses. The results indicate that the numbers of new or important pathogens establishing in recent years are not increasing and that most new findings are associated with ornamental plants.     

人民币升值对农产品贸易的影响及对策

通过对人民币升值与农产品贸易现状的分析,结合人民币升值影响农产品进出口贸易的理论依据,运用简单计量模型研究人民币升值对农产品贸易的影响,寻找农产品贸易在人民币升值背景下的应对之策,使农产品贸易因升值受到的负面影响降到最低。