羊肚菌冷冻干燥加工技术研究

通过实验,研究确定了了冻干羊肚菌的共晶点和共融点,得到了最佳冻干曲线,通过对冻干羊肚菌和传统风干羊肚菌的理化指标及感官指标的比较,证实了冷冻干燥羊肚菌的加工工艺的优越性。     

北疆“一年两作”冬小麦-复播青贮玉米模式物质生产及资源利用率研究

为建立与农区畜牧业发展相适应的资源高效利用的新型饲料生产体系,满足市场对青贮玉米需求,2011—2012年在新疆天山以北地区对冬小麦-复播青贮玉米、单季冬小麦、单季青贮玉米不同模式的物质积累和生育过程的光、温资源的实际利用效率进行系统测定分析。结果表明,冬小麦-复播青贮玉米双季模式优于传统单季种植冬小麦模式,其全年干物质生产率提高84.8%、周年干物质产能提高87.8%,年总辐射利用效率提高87%,年总有效积温利用率103%。复播青贮玉米干物质生产效比春播率低7.1%,太阳总辐射生产率和温度生产效率复播比春播分别高0.12 g·J^-1和0.7 kg·hm^-2·℃^-1。因此冬小麦-复播青贮玉米具有高产高效特点,为一熟 农区畜牧发展提了一条新型饲料生产种植模式。     

布氏白僵菌的研究与应用

对７０年代以来布氏白僵菌的生物学、致病性、生理生化特性等基因研究以及该菌的规模征税和田间防治应用地综述。目前已发现该菌能寄生７个目的７０种昆虫,特别对鞘翅目害虫具有独特寄生效果,已在林区、农田、草地、果园中用于防治各种金龟子和天牛。在法国、瑞士等地,用布氏白僵菌连续多年防治林区的西方五月鳃金龟,取得了令人瞩目的防治效果和生态效果,日本用该菌防治杉树天牛、我国用该菌防治农田及苗圃蛴螬都取得明显成效。     

Identification of divergent variants of Grapevine virus A

Eight isolates of Grapevine virus A (GVA), which induced different symptoms in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, were recovered from various grapevines. The dsRNA patterns of two isolates, which consistently induced mild vein clearing (referred here as mild isolates of GVA) were similar, but different from those of other isolates of GVA. Analysis based on overall nucleotide (nt) sequence identity in the 3 terminal part of the GVA genome, comprising part of ORF3 (putative movement protein, MP), entire ORF4 (capsid protein, CP), entire ORF5 and part of 3 UTR, revealed that GVA isolates separate into three groups (I, II, III), sharing 91.0–99.8% nt sequence identity within groups and 78.0–89.3% nt sequence identity between groups. Mild isolates of the virus were group III and shared only 78.0–79.6% nt sequence identity with the other isolates. The comparison of predicted amino acid sequences for MP and CP revealed many amino acid alterations, revealing distinct local net charges of these proteins for mild isolates of the virus. Based on both conserved and divergent nt regions in the CP and ORF5, oligonucleotide primers were designed for the simultaneous RT-PCR detection of all GVA isolates and for the specific detection of the most divergent virus variants represented here by mild isolates of the virus.     

南亚实蝇成虫空间分布型及抽样技术

南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau(Walker)是瓜果蔬菜上重要的检疫性害虫,常导致严重的经济损失。本文旨在明确其在主要寄主作物(丝瓜、“苦瓜-桂花”系统)上的空间格局,并根据最适理论抽样数制定了采样方案,以便为该虫管理决策提供科学依据。于2020年7月和9月分别在立架栽培的丝瓜地和“苦瓜-桂花”系统采用黄板诱捕实蝇类害虫,用非参数两独立样本t测验分析不同生境南亚实蝇雌、雄成虫种群密度的差异显著性,用2个常用的聚集度指标(C和k)和2个回归模型(Taylor幂回归模型和Iwao的m~*-m回归模型)分别分析雌虫、雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”的空间格局。共诱集实蝇成虫3 542头,“苦瓜-桂花”系统只诱集到南亚实蝇,丝瓜地诱集到4种果实蝇,其中南亚实蝇占97.2%,为优势种。桂花树上的南亚实蝇雌虫种群密度显著高于苦瓜地(Z=-2.932,P=0.003),为后者的1.87倍;丝瓜地样地Ⅱ中的雌虫种群密度显著大于样地Ⅰ(Z=-7.160,P<0.001),为后者的3.13倍。回归分析表明,对雌虫,Taylor的b和Iwao的β与1无显著差异(t_c...     

食物氮含量对意大利蝗生长发育和卵巢面积的影响

为合理预测意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的种群动态,分别用1%（对照）、4%和7%氮含量的食物饲喂意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻,测定不同氮含量食物处理后意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻的生长速率,羽化后7 d的体长、股节长、胫节长、翅长、翅宽、体重及羽化后1、7、13和19 d的卵巢面积。结果显示,4%氮含量食物处理试虫的生长速率最大,分别较1%和7%氮含量处理的增加了88.02%和109.33%;4%和7%氮含量食物处理后,意大利蝗成虫的后翅宽和体重均显著高于对照;羽化后7 d,不同氮含量食物处理的意大利蝗卵巢面积出现显著差异,羽化后19 d,4%氮含量食物处理的卵巢面积显著高于其他2个处理。表明中等氮含量（4%氮含量）适宜意大利蝗生长。     

樱桃番茄主要农艺性状与产量的相关及通径分析

对9个樱桃番茄品种的8个农艺性状进行了相关和通径分析.相关分析结果表明,单株产量与每穗结果数呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.5967.回归分析和通径分析结果表明,每穗结果数和单果重对单林产量形成的直接作用最大,单株穗数对产量的间接作用大;这三个性状是影响单株产量的主要因素,可作为樱桃番茄丰产育种的主要选择性状.     

凹叶厚朴在熊岳树木园的引种繁殖研究

总结了熊岳树木园凹叶厚朴的引种生长表现情况,并对凹叶厚朴的繁育技术提出了关键性的技术措施。     

1-O-Alkylglycerol Ethers from the Marine Sponge Guitarra abbotti and Their Cytotoxic Activity

The cytotoxicity-bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract from the marine sponge Guitarra abbotti, whose 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol ethers (AGEs) have not been investigated so far, led to the isolation of a complex lipid fraction containing, along with previously known compounds, six new lipids of the AGE type. The composition of the AGE fraction as well as the structures of 6 new and 22 previously known compounds were established using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GC/MS, and chemical conversion methods. The new AGEs were identified as: 1-O-(Z-docos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (1), 1-O-(Z-docos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (2), 1-O-(Z-tricos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (3), 1-O-(Z-tricos-16-enyl)-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-(Z-tricos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (5), and 1-O-(Z-tetracos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (6). The isolated AGEs show weak cytotoxic activity in THP-1, HL-60, HeLa, DLD-1, SNU C4, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells. A further cytotoxicity analysis in JB6 P⁺ Cl41 cells bearing mutated MAP kinase genes revealed that ERK2 and JNK1 play a cytoprotective role in the cellular response to the AGE-induced cytotoxic effects.     

南疆果园套种食用菌对土壤理化性状及微生物量的影响

为探明林下套种食用菌对土壤的改良效果,分析比较在3种果树下种植鸡腿菇后,菌渣直接还田,对土壤的物理性状、养分含量及微生物数量的影响:(1)土壤物理性状方面,含水量从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树,孔隙度从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树,pH为核桃树>梨树>枣树,电导率为枣树>核桃树>梨树;(2)土壤养分方面,碱解氮含量从大到小依次为梨树>核桃树>枣树,速效磷含量为核桃数>枣树>梨树,速效钾含量为枣树>核桃树>梨树,有机质含量为枣树>梨树>核桃树;(3)土壤微生物方面,含细菌数量从大到小依次为梨树>枣树>核桃树,含放线菌数量为枣树>核桃树>梨树。得出在南疆果园套种鸡腿菇,对果园土壤改良作用从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树的结论。