高原夏季无公害西芹专家系统的开发与应用

介绍了甘肃省首次研发的高原夏季无公害西芹专家系统的开发过程、主要技术及系统功能。该系统在金昌市永昌县示范,示范田西芹平均产量为12.915万kg/hm2,较对照增产19.9%,产值达51660元/hm2,较对照增值9360元/hm2。     

蔬菜高效施药装置药量专家系统测试

为了满足蔬菜高效施药的精确性和便捷性,借助信息技术手段将专家知识库存贮在单片机芯片中,通过快捷的选择调用达到蔬菜高效施药的目的。本文介绍了高效施药装置专家系统的工作原理,并通过试验验证了其理论施药量和实际控制值具有较好的一致性。     

A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation

The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15 days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool’s efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach.     

编辑好手机报的五点经验

以《巴彦淖尔市招商时讯》为例,总结了手机报两年多来的编辑经验,概括起来就是五字要诀——简、活、真、快、强。     

土地整理与农村建设：国外的分析及中国的对策

该文旨在通过对土地整理与农村建设目标、内容及相互关系的分析，借鉴国外通过土地整理促进农村发展的经验，根据中国的实际，提出通过土地整理促进新农村建设的对策。研究发现，土地整理日趋成为农村建设的重要内容和手段，农村建设则成为土地整理的重要任务和目标。中国应从树立以新农村建设为目标的土地整理理念，完善政策导向、公众参与两个机制，构建法律、规划和科技支撑三个体系等方面推进土地整理与农村建设的结合，提高土地整理服务农村建设的能力，加快新农村建设进程。     

山西省实施水保国债项目的做法和经验

山西水土保持国债项目自 1998年底开始实施 ,两年来国家安排投资 880 0万元 ,地方配套 6 139万元 ,完成综合治理措施面积 10 35km2 ,其中新增基本农田 882 6 6 7hm2 ,增产粮食 2 8万t ,增加农业产值 42 0 0万元。项目区林草覆盖率增加 2 1个百分点 ,年减少泥沙 310 5万t。引水工程的实施 ,使土地利用结构部分得到调整 ,农民劳动生产率明显提高。介绍了项目实施的具体做法和经验     

平顶山矿区人为水土流失及防治

平顶山矿区人为水土流失及防治冀长甫（河南省平顶山市水利局４６７０００）郑中信，任有振（河南省平顶山市郊区水利局）平顶山市位于河南省中部，是一个以开采煤碳为主，火力发电、建材、纺织、化工等综合发展的工业城市。该市近郊工矿区由于开矿采煤、建厂采石、挖土烧...     

中国农业工程的发展经验

阐述了农业工程发展在推进中国农业现代化中所起的积极作用。农业工程科技有助于推进中国的城市化发展进程，为农业和农业现代化的一体化发展奠定了基础，为保障中国的粮食安全和国民经济的可持续发展做出了重要贡献。建立了完备的农业工程高等教育体系，服务于农业、食品、生态和环境领域。系统培养了数以千计的农业工程技术人才和管理人才。文章指出，政府的倡导和政策支持是中国农业工程发展的驱动力，科研人才和工程技术人才及其创新是关键，产业发展和农民的需求是发展的基础。农业工程有效的推动了农业现代化发展，并在很多方面发挥了积极作用，如促进农业产业化发展，引导农民合作组织，推广应用先进实用技术，促进研究成果的转化利用，教育培训农民，高效利用资源，提高生产效率，提升生产方式，增强农产品的市场竞争力，创造农村劳动力就业机会和增加农民收入，保护环境，维护生态平衡，等等。     

关于河源梁涧区重点治理分析──以32条重点治理小流域为例

河源梁涧区为黄土丘陵沟壑区的重要地貌类型。该对河源梁涧区的地形地貌特征作了详细描述，通过实地调查，并结合３２条重点小流域治理，对该区进行了系统的分析及经验总结，特别是对固沟保涧，引洪漫地作了深入的分析，提出了河源梁涧区的治理模式，对该区治理与开发具有拽导意义。     

基于服务质量的灵山景区旅游体验质量调查

在体验经济背景下,旅游地的服务质量和游客的体验感受愈来愈受到重视.经过20多年的开发建设,灵山景区已经成为中外闻名的佛教文化旅游胜地.笔者在分析体验经济时代游客重视旅游体验质量的背景下,设计了灵山景区旅游体验质量问卷,通过问卷调查,分析了到访灵山景区的游客的基本出游特征,游客对灵山景区的服务环境质量、服务场景质量和消费情感质量的满意程度,旨在为灵山景区进一步提高服务质量和游客体验质量提供参考.