Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.     

Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells,SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts

Effects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10^?7, 10^?9 and 10^?11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM  + 10^?7, IVM  + 10^?9, IVM  + 10^?11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC  + 10^?7, IVC  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10^?9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?9, IVM /IVC  + 10^?9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM  + 10^?9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC  + 10^?7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC  + 10^?9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC  + 10^?9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC  + 10^?9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC  + 10^?9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD 2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB 1) compared to the IVM  + 10^?9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10^?9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.     

威信农业机械维修网点建设对策

文章结合威信县农机维修网点的发展现状,分析威信县农机维修网点在发展中存在的问题,提出促进威信县农机维修网点建设的发展建议。     

广州市绿道体育资源开发与利用*

运用了文献资料法、实地考察法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法，根据我市不同绿道建设的特点对其进行分层和归类，选取了具有代表性的区域绿道体育资源作为研究对象。现有的体育设施有自行车驿站、健身路径、简易球场等，开展的体育运动项目有远足、越野赛、自行车等。拟通过开发场地、交通、文化、参与人群等来整合绿道体育资源，提升绿道价值。     

推进四川兴文县竹产业高质量发展加快乡村振兴进程的思考

竹产业是兼具生态和经济效益的产业，四川省兴文县把竹产业作为振兴乡村的支柱产业进行打造，在全县各乡镇大力发展，取得了一定成效。文章在总结兴文县竹产业发展取得成效的基础上，分析了竹产业中存在的问题，对进一步推进兴文县竹产业高质量发展、加快乡村振兴进程提出了建议。     

小洲村古村落旅游开发探析

主要探讨了小洲村古村落旅游资源情况、古村落旅游发展状况以及需要解决的问题。     

我国生物农药发展现状及其展望

阐述了我国生物农药的发展现状,对其中存在的问题和相应对策进行了分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望,以期促进生物农药的发展与推广。     

水利建设可持续发展刍议

首先分析了水利建设与可持续发展的关系,即可持续发展对水利建设提出了新要求、丰富了新思路,水利建设实践推动了水利可持续发展研究,并基于此提出水利建设可持续发展思路,即树立可持续发展意识,推进水利建设制度创新;人水协调,加强水利现代化建设.     

丁酸钠对犊牛胃肠道发育的研究进展

丁酸钠是一种绿色新型饲料添加剂，目前在动物饲料中应用广泛，且效果良好。作者主要介绍了丁酸钠的生物学功能、对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响及其在犊牛日粮中的应用效果。重点总结了丁酸钠促进犊牛胃肠道发育的影响机制，包括作为胃肠道组织的能量来源调控激素和生长因子的分泌，提高消化和吸收相关酶的分泌及活性，提高肠道免疫细胞保护性蛋白的分泌等。现有研究表明，日粮干物质中添加0.3%丁酸钠就能达到促进犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的效果，但具体添加水平、添加阶段和方式等尚不明确。此外，日粮粗饲料水平、精料发酵所产生的内源丁酸对外源丁酸钠的作用效果是否有影响也鲜有报道，有待进一步开展研究。