高产香蕉平衡施肥技术研究

在肥力较高的老蕉园进行平衡施肥技术研究。结果表明:当第一造蕉氮肥用量达到1000kg/hm2以上及氮钾肥施肥比例N K2O为1 1 15时,香蕉抽蕾提前,蕉果农艺性状及品质较好,产量达到52 5t/hm2的高产水平,获得较好的经济效益;随着施钾比例的增加,香蕉的营养生长受到一定的限制,农艺性状及品质均变差,产量及经济效益均有所下降。在土壤Mg/K=1 37的情况下增施镁肥,香蕉的营养生长受到一定影响,蕉果的农艺性状下降,但固形物与可溶糖含量提高,产量及经济效益明显降低;施用硫肥对香蕉的生长及产量影响不大,但由于增加了肥料成本而使经济效益有所下降。     

ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤表面封闭作用的影响

降雨导致土壤表面结皮形成封闭是自然现象,它能降低土壤入渗,增加土表径流,导致土壤侵蚀。该文系统地研究了不同性质土壤表面的封闭作用过程,分别确定封闭过程中的物理机械作用和化学作用。试验采用了具有不同土壤交换性钠百分率(ESP)值(2、5、10、20)和黏粒含量(10％、20％、40％、60％)的4种土壤进行降雨模拟试验,通过土壤表面播撒磷石膏(PG)(2000 kg/hm²)和PG与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)(PG 2000 kg/hm²+PAM 20 kg/hm²)混合物的处理,分别抑制了土壤的化学封闭和物理封闭,论述了ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤化学封闭和物理封闭作用的影响,结果表明：在高ESP值土壤中,化学封闭作用占土壤封闭的主导作用;低ESP值土壤中,土壤的物理封闭作用增大。当黏粒含量较低时,土壤物理封闭作用较低;当黏粒含量较大时,土壤物理封闭作用显著增大。     

(Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 ))-EGTA缓冲溶液中总钙浓度的计算

作者推导出一个计算(Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 ))-EGTA缓冲溶液中某一指定低游离钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )]≤1×10~(-6)mol/L)下所需加入总钙浓度[Ca~(2 )]_t的公式,可供实验工作者应用.     

Influence of exchangeable potassium on soil erodibility

Abstract. Regular application of slurry manure in large quantities is thought to degrade soil structure and increase erodibility. One hypothesis links this to the large input of potassium which increases the exchangeable potassium percentage (EPP) and, thereby, dispersion. The effect of EPP on erodibility was quantified in three experiments. In the laboratory, eleven rainfall experiments were conducted using a silty topsoil from a typic Hapludalf which was fertilized to EPPs of 4 to 18%. Field rainfall experiments on 22 Inceptisols and Alfisols were used to examine whether the long-term application of monovalent cations (Na⁺, K⁺ and NH₄⁺) with slurry manure had changed soil properties, especially erodibility. In addition, erodibilities of 32 soils determined with natural and simulated rains were taken from literature. The experiments on these 65 soils together covered a wide range of soils, slopes and rainfalls. Dispersion by a large percentage of highly hydrated ions (K⁺, Na⁺) reduced the infiltration rate faster, caused runoff up to 5 min earlier, and increased sediment concentrations by 15g/l compared to low EPP soils. These changes increased soil erodibility of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) by 0.021 t × h/N × ha (where N = Newtons) for each 1% increase in EPP + ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage). The ESP contributed little to this increase as ESP was less than 1/10 of EPP in the experiments.
Fields with long-term manure application had similar chemical, physical and microbiological soil properties as fields without slurry manure except for slightly greater pH (+ 0.6) and P (+ 17 mg/kg) values. We conclude that, as long as the potassium input and output are balanced, the long-term use of slurry manure does not increase erodibility.     

Characterization of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity and liberation of actin from myofibrils upon heating chicken breast meat

Denaturation of actin and myosin in myofibrils induced by heating at 50°C was investigated to reveal the mechanism of irreversible liberation of actin from myofibrils on heating at lower temperatures than conventional cooking. Denaturation of these proteins was determined by Mg²⁺‐ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and Ca²⁺‐ATPase activities. When minced meat was heated for 20 min, actin was liberated accompanying denaturation of 80% of actin and 50% of myosin. Heating of the myofibrillar fraction (MFF) isolated from meat homogenate induced much slower denaturation of actin than myosin. When MFF was heated with sarcoplasmic fractions, denaturation of actin was facilitated, suggesting that sarcoplasmic fractions contain factors to facilitate actin denaturation. Inosine‐5′‐monophosphate, a component of sarcoplasmic fractions, was shown to have no effect on actin and myosin denaturation. These results suggest that heating meat at 50°C dissociates binding (‘Bond A’) between actin and myosin participating in ATPase activities, resulting in denaturation of both proteins under influence of sarcoplasmic components. Although denaturation of actin and myosin disrupted Bond A, actin was not liberated simultaneously, suggesting the presence of another bond (‘Bond B’, more heat‐stable than Bond A) between both proteins and necessity of disruption of Bond B for actin release from myofibrils.     

水稻镁营养及镁肥的应用

综述了水稻镁营养研究的成果和进展,以及镁肥在矫正缺素症、提高产量和品质方面的效果;对以水稻高产、优质为目的的镁营养和施肥研究提出了意见。     

氮、镁对银杏叶黄酮含量的影响

应用二元二次饱和Ｄ－最优设计进行田间试验,探讨氮、镁对银杏叶黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,在镁缺乏的红土上种植银杏,在合理施用一定的氮肥基础上,增施适量的镁肥,对银杏叶黄酮含量的提高有良好效果。计算机寻优得到供试条件银杏叶黄酮含量最佳施肥方案为：Ｎ５６０ｇ／株,Ｍｇ１５０ｇ／株,目标黄酮含量为２．４８％。     

长期施用牛粪对松嫩平原盐渍化土壤脱盐碱化效果的影响

为了探究施用有机肥对盐碱土壤脱盐效果的长期效应,以腐熟牛粪为改良材料,根据牛粪施用年限共设置4个处理,分别为：施用牛粪8,12,18 a,以未施用牛粪的作为对照。通过对土壤可溶性盐分组成、交换性盐基、有机质、容重、EC和pH值等指标的测定,定量化探讨牛粪对各个指标影响及其关系,阐明长期施用牛粪对盐碱土脱盐效果的影响。结果表明,长期施用牛粪显著降低了土壤HCO₃^-的含量,消除了CO₃^2-;降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度和土壤有机质;降低了Na⁺含量,增加了土壤交换性Ca²⁺、可溶性K⁺和Mg²⁺含量。相关性分析表明：土壤ESP和pH值与交换性Na⁺、HCO₃^-和CO₃^2-含量呈显著正相关,土壤pH值与土壤有机质呈显著负相关关系。回归分析表明：影响钠吸附比的主要因素是可溶性Mg²⁺,其...     

微波消解ICP—MS法测定香菇中重金属含量

采用密闭微波消解法消解香菇样品,在优化微波消解条件的基础上,建立微波消解ICP—MS法同时测定千香菇中As、PI）、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe和Mg九种重金属元素的方法,在最佳试验条件下,加标收率为92．0％～104．6％,RSD为2．2％-5．3％。该方法简便、快速、准确：     

红壤甜橙园植株锰镁锌营养失调的诊断

对福建南靖县朝阳山柑桔场柳橙和改良橙叶片黄化进行了研究。根据叶片黄化症状及土壤、叶分析结果,确认该黄化现象系植株缺乏锰、镁、锌元素所致。有黄化症状植株叶片锰、镁、锌含量分别为6.7×10~(-5)～20.5×10~(-6)、0.193％～0.194％、18.0×10~(-6)～21.5×10~(-6),均低于适宜范围值。认为植株锰和镁元素的缺乏是土壤中代换性锰、易还原锰和代换性镁含量低所致;而锌元素缺乏与土壤和植株中含磷量过高有关。