Mn~(2+)对四尾栅藻生长及Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)吸收的影响

通过实验室模拟培养的方法,采用6个不同Mn2+浓度(0、10、100、1000、10000、30000nmol/L)的培养处理,对四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)的生物量、叶绿素a含量、培养基中Ca2+、Mg2+离子的含量分别进行了测定。结果表明,不同Mn2+浓度对各指标均有显著影响,其中对叶绿素a含量的影响达极显著(P<0.01);低Mn2+浓度(0~1000nmol/L)促进四尾栅藻细胞生长和叶绿素a的合成,而高浓度Mn2+(30000nmol/L以上)抑制四尾栅藻细胞生长,导致生物量下降;叶绿素a含量显著降低(P<0.05);四尾栅藻细胞吸收的Ca2+、Mg2+与其生物量成正比。在所设置的浓度范围内,Mn2+并未表现出与Ca2+、Mg2+之间明显的拮抗作用。     

Influence of thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride on tomato morphology and elemental uptake

Root dry weight and leaf number were not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride. Shoot dry weight, shoot:root dry weight ratio, shoot height, leaf area, and root surface area were decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. However, root length was decreased and root radius increased only by chlormequat chloride. Total element uptake was decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. In the shoot and root, N was not affected, P was increased in the shoots, K decreased in the shoots but increased in the roots, and Mg decreased in the roots as a result of thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. Whereas, Ca was decreased in the roots and Mg increased in the shoots by chlormequat chloride. The uptake of N, P, Ca, or Mg was not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride, however, K uptake per root surface area decreased. Thigmic stress decreased K in both the upper and lower stem but did not affect leaf concentration of K. However, chlormequat chloride decreased K in both the stem and leaves. Thigmic stress because of the role of K in cell elongation. Chemical name used: (2‐chloroethyl)trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride).     

Influence of soil ingestion by earthworms on the availability of potassium in soil: An incubation experiment

Summary An incubation experiment was conducted to study the changes that occur in the K status of soil due to earthworm activity. Samples of Tokomaru silt loam soil were inoculated with the common pasture earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa and incubated for 21 days. Aliquots of moist soil were analyzed for exchangeable K by leaching with neutral molar ammonium acetate at 1:50 soil solution ratio. Extraction with boiling 1 M nitric acid at 1:100 soil solution ratio for 20 min was used to determine available non-exchangeable K. The results indicated that the exchangeable K content increased significantly due to earthworm activity but nitric acid-extractable K did not change significantly. It is inferred that earthworms increase the availability of K by shifting the equilibrium among the forms of K from relatively un-available forms to more available forms in the soil chosen for the study.     

中国春小麦GBSS与淀粉颗粒结合特性的研究

以小麦品种中国春(Triticum aestivum)为材料,分析了颗粒结合淀粉合成酶（GBSS）与淀粉颗粒结合的影响因素及作用力。通过SDS-PAGE及测定GBSS溶液浓度,证实小麦GBSS与淀粉粒结合的紧密程度受温度影响,在50~80℃范围内,GBSS从淀粉颗粒上的解离量随温度的升高逐渐升高;而在85~95℃之间,解离量随温度的升高而降低;沸水浴处理15 min的GBSS解离量较大,但超过35 min时GBSS的量反而有所减少。Mg²⁺浓度也影响GBSS的解离,低于1.75 mmol L^-1时,随Mg²⁺浓度降低解离量逐渐升高;高于2.5 mmol L^-1时,随Mg²⁺浓度的升高解离量逐渐降低。表明GBSS与淀粉粒的结合力是非共价键。     

Effects of magnesium remobilization and allocation on banana plant growth

Magnesium (Mg) is known as one of the mobile elements and can move from the lower to upper leaf blade when the plants suffer from Mg deficiency. It is generally recognized that symptoms of Mg deficiency appear on lower leaves. This study was conducted to reveal the effect of Mg deficiency stress on remobilization of Mg and nitrogen in banana plant and to collect the typical symptoms of Mg deficiency. Quartz sand cultures were used to study the effect of Mg deficiency on banana growth and its mobilization and allocation in the plants. Results showed that chlorosis, a typical symptom of Mg deficiency, occurs in the second leaf from top of banana plant after 35 days of Mg deficiency. Necrosis of the whole leaf in the middle part of banana and a significant reduction of leaf area from the top to middle leaves are detected. However, older leaves remain green, and their area is not affected. Mg is more stable in the banana plant and cannot be remobilized and transported from the old to young leaves under Mg deficiency. After 195 days of Mg deficiency, the growth and Mg nutrition of Mg-deficient plant can be normalized by the restoration of Mg nutrient after 49 days of deficiency. Therefore, Mg in banana leaves is not mobile and reusable from older to younger leaves.     

MgFe类水滑石法强化混凝深度处理猪场尾水及混凝污泥特性研究

为了深度处理经二级生化处理后的猪场尾水,采用Mg Fe类水滑石法强化混凝猪场尾水。考察了不同pH值、Mg与Fe摩尔配比[n(Mg∶Fe)]等混凝条件对猪场尾水常规指标以及其中微量重金属[Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cr(Ⅵ)]和兽用抗生素(磺胺甲基异恶脞,SMX)等去除效果的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶转换红外(FTIR)等技术对混凝污泥特性进行分析,制备了催化材料,进行了混凝污泥资源化利用初探。结果表明:当猪场尾水初始pH6.5时,TP、浊度和Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别在95%、80%和35%以上。当初始pH值进一步调节至大于8.0时,MgFe类水滑石对Zn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)去除率可达85%以上,对SMX去除率在75%以上;Mg与Fe摩尔配比对各水质指标去除效果影响不大。混凝污泥主要形成的矿物相有类水滑石与磷酸铁矿物。通过煅烧混凝污泥制备高级氧化催化剂,发现在相同过硫酸氢钾(PMS)投加量的条件下,700℃限氧热解混凝污泥制得的催化剂比同条件下利用人工合成MgFe类水滑石制得的催化剂具有更高的催化活性。研究结果可为养猪处理废水与混凝污泥资源化利用研究提供支持。     

大气CO_2浓度升高对稻季耕层土壤溶液中Ca、Mg浓度的影响

【目的】研究稻田生态系统中土壤钙、镁元素生物地球化学循环对长期大气CO2浓度升高的响应。【方法】利用中国稻田FACE(free air carbon-dioxide enrichment)试验平台,包括Ambient(对照,自由大气CO2浓度约为370μmol·mol-1)和FACE(比对照大气CO2浓度高200μmol·mol-1)2个试验处理,在2004、2005和2007年稻季不同生育期原位采集5cm和15cm处土壤溶液并测定其中Ca、Mg浓度。【结果】在2004、2005和2007年,FACE处理5cm处土壤溶液Ca浓度分别是对照处理的125%、106%和72%,Mg浓度分别是对照处理的115%、104%和75%;FACE处理15cm处与5cm处土壤溶液Ca浓度的比值在2004、2005和2007年分别是对照处理的71%、114%和180%,Mg的比值分别是对照的74%、104%和159%;2007年FACE处理0-15cm耕层土壤溶液Ca、Mg浓度分别比对照处理低6.8%和4.6%。【结论】连续大气CO2浓度升高可改变土壤溶液中Ca、Mg元素在不同深度耕层的分布,提高15cm处与5cm处土壤溶液Ca、Mg浓度的比值,且这种影响存在一定的累积效应。稻田生态系统Ca、Mg循环对长期大气CO2浓度升高的响应值得深入研究。     

酸性黄壤施用磷石膏对高粱营养生长和膜保护酶的影响

采用盆栽试验, 研究了贵州强酸性(pH 4.3)黄壤施用磷石膏对高粱生长、养分平衡、细胞膜保护酶活性的影响.结果表明, 在强酸性土壤上种植耐铝能力弱的高粱, 铝毒害明显, 即使施用足量的氮磷钾肥, 作物也生长不良.施用磷石膏和石灰后高粱出苗和生长正常, 各生物学性状均极显著优于对照, 施磷石膏高粱长势优于施石灰处理;高粱干物质量与磷石膏(X1)、石灰(X2)的施用量呈二次曲线变化(回归方程分别为: Yw=6.88+11.92X1-1.65X12, R=0.983**;Yw=6.88+6.39X2-0.72X22, R=0.996**);磷石膏降低酸性黄壤铝毒、提高植物钙含量的效果略逊于石灰, 在提高植物营养3要素(特别是磷、钾元素)的作用方面优于石灰, 施磷石膏植株磷含量是石灰处理的1.17～2.43倍;施高量磷石膏的高粱植株氮/磷、氮/钾、钾/磷比值分别为6.8～7.1、1.2～1.3和5.4～5.6, 比值适中、变幅小, 氮/铝、磷/铝、钾/铝、钙/铝比值提高, 改善和调节了高粱体内氮、磷、钾、钙养分的平衡.高粱叶片细胞膜保护酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性分析表明, 施磷石膏、石灰后SOD和CAT活性增加, POD活性和脯氨酸含量下降, 施磷石膏效果优于石灰.     

Response of five tobacco cultivars to sodium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate

Abstract

Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the response of five tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars to different levels of NaH₂PO₄ and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in nutrient media by measuring tissue content of selected nutrient elements (P, Na, K, Ca and Mg). Plants were grown in sand cultures fertilized with nutrient solutions in two experiments and a soil‐sand mix fertilized with solid materials in a third experiment. Plant P and Na content increased as the concentrations of these elements increased in nutrient solution. Plant K content was not generally affected by treatments. Magnesium was reduced in flue‐cured and cigar‐filler tobaccos but was not changed in cigar‐wrapper and Turkish types by increasing amounts of NaH₂PO₄. All of the cultivars responded similarly to NaH₂PO₄ with respect to plant Ca. High levels of P in the nutrient media were consistently related to low levels of Ca in plant tissue.     

Availability and extractability of soil manganese in a liming experiment

Abstract

The availability of soil Mn to corn in relation to extractability of soil Mn by EDTA, Mg(NO₃)₂, CH₃COONH₄, hydroquinone, H₃PO₄, and NH₄H₂PO₄ as affected by liming was evaluated under field conditions on a single soil type. EDTA, Mg(NO₃)₂ and CH₃COONH₄‐extractable Mn were related inversely to available Mn. No useful relationships were found between hydroquinone, H₃PO₄, and NH₄H₂PO₄‐extractable soil Mn and Mn uptake by sweet corn.