重庆市江津柑橘果园土壤pH与盐基饱和度的关系探讨

根据江津市柑橘果园土壤71个灰棕紫泥土样的分析资料,应用统计方法,探讨pH和盐基饱和度的关系。土壤pH与盐基饱和度呈y=8.4451x2+115.54x-305.28,R2=0.8541非线性正相关,且受占优势的交换性Ca2+制约。分析了盐基饱和度的可能的影响因素。     

Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen supply in an irrigated lowland rice soil as affected by crop rotation and residue management

 Processes that govern the soil nitrogen (N) supply in irrigated lowland rice systems are poorly understood. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the effects of crop rotation and management on soil N dynamics, microbial biomass C (C_BIO) and microbial biomass N (N_BIO) in relation to rice N uptake and yield. A maize-rice (M-R) rotation was compared with a rice-rice (R-R) double-cropping system over a 2-year period with four cropping seasons. In the M-R system, maize (Zea mays L.) was grown in aerated soil during the dry season (DS) followed by rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in flooded soil during the wet season (WS). In the R-R system, rice was grown in flooded soil in both the DS and WS. Three fertilizer N rates (0, 50 or 100 kg urea-N ha^–1 in WS) were assigned to subplots within the cropping system main plots. Early versus late crop residue incorporation following DS maize or rice were established as additional treatments in sub-subplots in the second year. In the R-R system, the time of residue incorporation had a large effect on NO₃ ^–-N accumulation during the fallow period and also on extractable NH₄ ⁺-N, rice N uptake and yield in the subsequent cropping period. In contrast, time of residue incorporation had little influence on extractable N in both the fallow and rice-cropping periods of the M-R system, and no detectable effects on rice N uptake or yield. In both cropping systems, C_BIO and N_BIO were not sensitive to residue incorporation despite differences of 2- to 3-fold increase in the amount of incorporated residue C and N, and were relatively insensitive to N fertilizer application. Extractable organic N was consistently greater after mid-tillering in M-R compared to the R-R system across N rate and residue incorporation treatments, and much of this organic N was α-amino N. We conclude that N mineralization-immobilization dynamics in lowland rice systems are sensitive to soil aeration as influenced by residue management in the fallow period and crop rotation, and that these factors have agronomically significant effects on rice N uptake and yield. Microbial biomass measurements, however, were a poor indicator of these dynamics. Received: 31 October 1997     

拔节水对春玉米钙镁及微量营养元素吸收动态模型及分布运转的影响

本项研究查明拔节水使春玉米体内Ca,Mg及Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn浓度有不同程度的降低,而吸收累积量却显著增加;对相对吸收量最多的时期没有改变,但改变了吸收动态模型参数,最快吸收速率(mg/d.株)分别为Ca39.05,Mg14.22,Fe.0.784,Mn0.121,Cu0.068,Zn0.285,均有不同程度的增加;成熟期运转率分别为Ca19%,Mg45%,Fe19%,Mn10%,Cu26%,Zn49%,大多有所增加;对百公斤籽粒吸收量、养分生产效率影响很小或没有影响,绝大多数元素的消耗系数有所增加.     

Mg对乌龙岭龙眼苗期植株生长的影响及诊断指标

水培试验结果表明 ,Mg对龙眼苗期生长有明显的影响 .缺 Mg胁迫下 ,龙眼生物量、根干重、根体积、根总吸收面积和根系活力降低 ,根 /冠比值下降说明缺 Mg对龙眼根系生长的影响大于地上部 .苗期龙眼 Mg素营养诊断的适宜部位为复叶下部小叶 ,诊断指标 :临界值是 2 .5 g· kg-1,适宜范围为 2 .5 - 4 .0 g· kg-1,>4 .0g· kg-1为过量     

镁肥添加对红壤饲用大豆产量和品质的影响

[目的]明确镁肥对红壤饲用大豆产量和品质的影响。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究原位红壤土不同的镁肥(碳酸镁)添加量对饲用大豆的叶绿素、株高、生物量、ADF和NDF含量、粗蛋白、可溶性糖及K、Mg、Ca含量的影响。[结果]适量镁肥(100 mg/kg)可显著提高大豆植株的生物量、粗蛋白以及镁元素的含量,但对中性和酸性洗涤纤维均无显著影响;低量镁肥(20 mg/kg)的施用对生物量、粗蛋白以及镁元素的作用效率降低,过量镁肥(200 mg/kg)反而会抑制大豆叶片中钙元素的含量。[结论]在红壤上施用适量的镁肥可提高饲用大豆的产量和品质,为农田合理施肥和管理提供科学依据。     

Temperature,Mg and Al Interaction Effects on Grass Tetany Potential of Ryegrass Forage1

Two annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars differing in Al sensitivity were grown in nutrient solution at pH 4.2 to assess the effects of temperature (10/6 and 22/18 °C day/night), Mg (0.1 and 1 mM) and Al solution concentrations (0, 3.7 and 74 μ M) on several factors influencing grass tetany potential of forage. Added Al depressed Mg and Ca shoot concentrations and increased shoot K/(Ca + Mg) equivalent ratio especially after prolonged treatment at higher temperature and lower Mg solution concentrations. These effects were more pronounced in the relatively Al-sensitive cultivar Wilo which appeared to be less Mg-efficient as well. Grass tetany potential will therefore be higher following a temperature rise if Al-sensitive ryegrass is grown in a medium containing low Mg and high Al levels.     

Effects of incubation times and moisture regimes on pH values and exchangeable cations in acid sulfate soils as influenced by application rates of basic slag

Severe acidifications in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) have occurred worldwide due to sulfuric acidity, which requires sustainable measures for their reclamation. Accordingly, an incubation study was conducted with the topsoil of two different ASSs (Cheringa and Badarkhali) to evaluate the effects of basic slag (BS; size <1 mm, pH 9.6, Ca 20.8%, Mg 9.8%, etc.), on reduction of acidity and changes in exchangeable cations. It is noted that BS is a byproduct of steel industry in Bangladesh and can be collected almost free of charge. These soils received BS at the rate of 0 (T₀), 11 (T₁), 22 (T₂) and 33 (T₃) t ha⁻¹ under various moisture regimes (saturated condition M₁,_, i.e., 100% moisture content, wetting–drying cycles of 100 and 50% moisture M_2, and moisture at field condition M₃, i.e., 50%). The impacts of these treatments on some selected parameters in these soils were studied within 180 days of incubation. The application of BS was found to increase the pH of soils from 3.6 to 5.1 for Cheringa, 3.9 to 5.2 for Badarkhali soils at the end of incubation. These increments were more striking with the highest doses of BS under saturated moisture conditions in both of the soils. The ECe of the soils was not much influenced by the application of BS regardless of time. The treatments exerted significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on exchangeable cations in different periods of incubation. The striking changes were recorded for the rate of increments of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, which were about 2–3 times higher for Ca and more than 2 times higher for Mg²⁺ compared with the control after 180 days of incubation. These results suggest that the application of BS not only increased the Ca²⁺ to the higher amount than that of the increment of Mg²⁺ in the soils, but also improved one of the important criteria of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ratio in the soils.     

沸石复混肥对油菜苗期养分吸收、产量及土壤性状的影响

在盆栽条件下,比较了不同沸石含量的沸石复混肥对盆栽油菜苗期不同阶段N、P、K养分吸收量,油菜籽产量及土壤性状的影响.结果表明:沸石复混肥处理与对照复混肥比较,在苗期的前2个月,油菜吸收的N、P、K均为前者大于后者,而在第3个月开始,为后者大于前者.从整个苗期来看,相比复混肥对照,沸石复混肥处理的油菜N、P、K养分吸收量均有所下降,其中磷吸收量随沸石复混肥中沸石比例的增大而明显下降.沸石能减轻土壤酸化程度,提高土壤pH值,降低EXC-Mn.沸石在复混肥中的比例以10%～15%的含量较为合适,相比对照复混肥,增产可达9.7%.     

茶树的钙镁营养及土壤调控

通过多年的大量分析结果表明,正常生长的茶树各器官中的钙、镁保持有一定的含量和比例,钙随组织老化而积累,而镁总是趋向新生的幼嫩组织,Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值则随组织老化而急速增大。叶中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值＞ｌ,根中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值＜１。茶叶品级随Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值升高而降低。茶树对土壤钙、镁的吸收,不仅取决于土壤活性钙、镁的绝对含量,同时也取决于钙镁的比例平衡。缺钙、缺镁或两者比例失调,对茶树生长和茶叶产量、品质均有一定的影响。文中还对钙、镁的土壤调控进行了讨论。     

东北细辛根系对钙、镁、硫的积累动态研究

对不同年生、不同生育时期的东北细辛根系中钙、镁、硫的积累动态进行了研究。结果表明:五年生东北细辛根系中钙的积累量变幅较大,5月末展叶期最高(22.15 mg/kg),到7月初果实采收后下降到最低(8.98 mg/kg);二年生植株根系中不同时期钙的积累均高于三,四,六年生,镁的积累较活跃,6月末果期达到最高(10.28 mg/kg);五年生镁的积累量在7月初降到最低(5.06 mg/kg);不同年生东北细辛根系对硫的积累量为209.3~60.92 mg/kg,远高于对钙、镁的积累量;从5月初展叶到6月中旬开始结果五年生植株根系硫的积累量高于其它年生,二年生最低。东北细辛根系对钙、镁、硫的积累以二、五年生较为活跃,且表现在开花期到结果期。