QuEChERS法动态监测及评价山西省韭菜中12种农药残留

采用乙腈超声提取,经PSA、C_(18)基质分散净化,通过液质联用及气质联用建立了韭菜中吡虫啉、敌敌畏、毒死蜱、多菌灵、腐霉利、甲胺磷、甲氰菊酯、克百威、六六六、氯丹、(高效)氯氟氰菊酯、阿维菌素等12种农药的Qu ECh ERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,safe)快速检测方法,并对山西省市售韭菜的农药残留状况进行了动态监测和评价。结果表明:山西省韭菜中农药残留的总检出率为80%,超标率为20%,使用比较多的农药为吡虫啉、敌敌畏、多菌灵、腐霉利、甲氰菊酯和(高效)氯氟氰菊酯,腐霉利超标是韭菜产品不合格的主要因素。8月后太原及周边地区韭菜中的农药残留水平较高,且该地区农贸市场与超市韭菜中农药残留的检出率相近,但前者超标率(27.3%)明显高于后者(9.1%)。     

日光温室放风方式相关指标分析

通过调研从放风的操作难易程度、对棚膜的磨损程度及通风量大小等指标分析了目前温室的几种常用放风方式.比较了第5种类型和第6种类型放风方式的特点,计算了自然通风条件下日光温室所需的通风量,并依据"质量守恒原理"计算了在热压作用下,以上2种通风方式的风口面积.结果表明:第6种类型放风方式的筒口半径为 25cm,风筒高度为50 cm,屋脊处沿东西方向的布置间距为100cm.前底脚处通风口的有效宽度为20cm条件下基本能满足通风要求.该方法具有操作灵活方便,避免磨损棚膜,利于保护棚膜等优点.第5种类型放风方式在满足屋脊处和前底脚处风口最小宽度为23 cm条件下基本能满足通风要求,该方式能保持棚膜始终处于张紧的状态,不影响采光,磨损棚膜易于更换.     

Low-Cost Livestock Global Positioning System Collar from Commercial Off-the-Shelf Parts

Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices are a fundamental technology for quantifying the distribution and movement of livestock across landscapes. Although costs of GPS devices have decreased, it is still cost prohibitive to implement a large number of collars per study. Our objective was to develop and test a low-cost GPS collar using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic components to study livestock distribution and movement. Our COTS GPS tracker was built using the popular Arduino open-source microcontroller and a low-power timer board to cycle a GPS at defined intervals. Location data were saved to a data card in an open format for easy analysis. Total cost per COTS GPS device (including housing and collar) was $54.78. Average displacement from a known location and 95% circular error probability was 4.58 m, commensurate with other GPS collars. We tested durability and field performance of 25 COTS GPS collars against 24 existing GPS collars recording data at 5-min intervals in a southwest Idaho, United States study area. Our COTS GPS design and test showed that it is possible to manufacture low-cost location tracking devices, but the limitations of such devices must be considered relative to study objectives and duration. Low-cost location trackers will encourage collection of a higher density of location information to better understand patterns of livestock use in rangeland landscapes.     

新疆叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域的生态环境评价及治理对策研究

叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域农业气候资源丰富,但气象灾害也较多;土地面积大,但土壤有机质含量低,次生盐渍化严重;河流径流量大,年际变化小,季节分配不平衡;天然草场面积大,等级低,天然林面积减少,个别地区有沙化倾向;人口多而素质差。对此应处理好维护生态平衡与发展生产的关系;依靠科学技术,以提高单产为主;制止继续破坏生态环境行为;营造人工林;扩大绿肥种植面积,提高地力;对少数民族也实行计划生育,以控制人口数量,提高人口素质。     

呼和浩特市南郊地面水环境质量的灰色聚类评判

本文论述了灰色聚类法的原理及计算步骤。运用灰色聚类原理,对呼市南郊地面水环境质量进行综合评判,还与模糊数学法评判、矩阵指数法评判进行对比,说明该方法的可靠性和先进性。     

Greening potential of derelict and vacant lands in urban areas

This research proposes a more complete, easy and unique method to assess the greening potential of derelict and vacant urban lands in order to prioritize them for reclamation. Greening these lands can convert a problem into an opportunity, assuming that green spaces must fulfill multiple functions, being part of a green infrastructure. The evaluation cover a wide range of criteria that reflect the complexity of the city and consider environmental, ecological, social and economic aspects related to the local urban structure. The criteria were organized into three groups: ecology, stormwater, and community. For each criterion, there are quantitative or qualitative indicators, measured by continuous, binary or multi-categorical parameters converted into numerical values in order to create a ranking score from highest to lowest potential of greening. The city São Bernardo do Campo, in the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, was chosen as the case study to apply this method. The city is experiencing a post-industrial process and has few urban green spaces accessible to the community, while there are several empty and abandoned areas. We identified and mapped sixty derelict and vacant lands, of which ten were chosen as samples to evaluate. The results revealed that 40% of evaluated lands have high potential to reclaim into green spaces, 40%, medium potential and 20%, low potential. Nature or vocation as green spaces was also evaluated: 50% of them have social importance, 20%, environmental, and 30% socio-environmental. The vocation is an important information since it identifies some areas that despite their medium-low potential, they should not be rejected due to their social value. The results can drive a preliminary environmental planning decision making, to be applied in any city that faces similar problems of land dereliction, offering support to professionals to prioritize the reclamation of new urban green spaces.     

黄瓜耐弱光性鉴定指标研究及其苗期与成株期的相关分析

以4份黄瓜品系为试验材料,通过测定不同弱光处理下叶片叶绿素含量随时间变化的情况,探索黄瓜苗期耐弱光性鉴定的最适宜光照强度与最佳鉴定时期,同时对黄瓜苗期耐弱光性进行鉴定,并对黄瓜苗期的叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率、植株干质量降低率进行相关性分析,探究黄瓜苗期与成株期耐弱光性的相关性。结果表明:20mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)弱光胁迫20d的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量降低率可以作为黄瓜苗期耐弱光筛选的快速鉴定指标。成株期产量的降低率与植株干质量的降低率均能反映成株期品种间耐弱光性的差异。苗期叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率呈显著正相关,不同品种在苗期和成株期的耐弱光性表现一致。W_(25)的耐弱光性较强,W_5的耐弱光性较差。     

水资源开发环境予断评价与管理

本文通过研究新疆乌鲁木齐地区水资源开发中的若干环境问题,拟对开发方案的选择和环境效应做出予测评价。     

10份新疆狗牙根种质抗旱性评价

以新疆南北疆10份狗牙根为材料,测定其在干旱胁迫下的再生速度、叶绿素含量、相对电导率、叶片相对含水量、枯黄率,了解新疆南北疆狗牙根种质资源的抗旱性差异,筛选抗旱种质。结果表明,随干旱持续时间延长,供试狗牙根叶片枯黄率、相对电导率均呈增加趋势,而再生速度、叶绿素含量及叶片相对含水量均呈降低趋势。不同材料响应干旱胁迫存在一定差异,材料C138、C7在干旱条件下维持较低的枯黄率和相对电导率、较高的叶片相对含水量,为抗旱种质;而材料C17、C20则呈相反趋势,表明这两份材料抗旱性较差。初步分析认为新疆狗牙根抗旱性与其来源地气候条件无明显相关性。     

我国新农村绿色建筑技术评价体系研究——以北川新县城“尔玛”小区为例

介绍了我国新农村建筑技术的现状和开展农村绿色建筑技术评价体系研究的必要性,根据对我国农村绿色建筑技术的研究,建立了一套适合我国农村绿色建筑技术的评价体系,并以北川新县城"尔玛"小区为例,验证其科学性和适用性,旨在为我国的社会主义新农村建设服务。