4QL―1型甘薯起垄收获多功能机的设计与试验

设计了一款可实现甘薯施肥、起垄、镇压和收获作业的起垄收获多功能机,并阐述了整机和关键部件结构设计、工作原理及技术参数。在粘重土壤区试验考核表明,该机性能稳定,作业顺畅,起垄主要指标为:土垄垄形一致性为97%,土壤容重变化率为27%,邻接垄垄距合格率为90%;收获主要指标为:明薯率为97%,漏挖率为0.3%,伤薯率为1%,破皮率为1.5%。     

Seed and oil yields of Moringa oleifera variety Periyakalum-1 introduced for oil production in four ecosystems of South America

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a member of Moringaceae family which grows throughout most of the tropics, and is native to sub-Himalayan tracts of north west India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. Moringa seed concentrates 35-45% oil which is considered a great natural cosmetic emollient almost total natural absence of color and odor, and high oleic acid concentration (>73%). To assess their production potential in the Arid Chaco, The Yungas Tropical Forest, Tropical Lowland Forest, and in the Sub-Humid Chaco Ecosystems of South America, a comparative trial was undertaken to determine their seed yield and oil content. Arid Chaco Ecosystem: significant (P < 0.05) difference in seed yields among years were found, with 176.17 and 481.25 kg/tree recorded for 1- and 2-year-old trees, respectively. Sub-Humid Chaco Ecosystems: the difference in seed yield and oil percentage between years was significant (P < 0.05). Comparison between years showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher seed yields, and significantly (P < 0.05) lower oil percentage for the two years old trees, than for the one year old trees. The oil/tree content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for two years old trees than for one-year-old trees. Yungas Tropical Forest Ecosystem: seed oil percentage was significant (P < 0.05) higher in one-year-old trees than in seeds of two years old trees. Overall: over the tree years, oil percentage was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for seeds produced at the Arid Chaco than at the Sub-Humid Chaco. The seed/tree yields and the oil/tree content were no significantly (P < 0.05) different among the three ecosystems. However, when oil percentage per tree and seed yield/tree were combined trees from Sub-Humid Chaco and from Yungas Tropical Forest yielded significantly (P < 0.05) higher oil content compared to that from Arid Chaco trees.     

广西茅尾海茳芏生物量研究

在2010年对广西茅尾海盐沼湿地典型植物茳芏（Cyperus malaccensis Lam.）的株高、密度、生物量进行了季节动态变化的测定,根据茳芏生物量随时间的变化计算其绝对增长速率、相对增长速率和根冠比。结果表明,茳芏地上生物量最大值、地下生物量最大值和生物总量最大值分别为（2 802.3±887.0）（、1 590.8±641.8）和（3 753.7±1 022.6）g/m2。绝对增长速率、相对增长速率变化趋势和根冠比计算结果表明,在进入冬季后,茳芏营养物质转移到地下储存,是其作为多年生湿地植物适应气候和环境规律的体现。     

山皂荚应用研究进展

对山皂荚提取物如皂荚、皂荚胶等化学成分在医药产业、化学工业、食品工业、日用品及临床方面的应用现状进行了综述,为皂苷的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

水田土壤养分对泥鳅扰动的响应

[目的]研究水田土壤养分对泥鳅扰动的响应。[方法]通过野外定期取样,采用常规理化方法测定在养鱼水田和对照水田中土壤有机质、氮素、磷素、钾素的含量。[结果]养鱼水田土壤有机质含量、土壤速效氮含量、土壤速效磷含量在0.05水平显著高于对照水田。养鱼水田土壤全氮含量、土壤全磷含量、土壤全钾含量和土壤速效钾含量与对照水田间不存在差异。[结论]底栖鱼类泥鳅改善了水田土壤养分状况,尤其提高了土壤有机质、土壤速效氮和土壤速效磷的含量。     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

Cloning and Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase in Sweetpotato

Trehalose plays an important role in metabolic regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in a variety of organisms. In plants, its biosynthesis is catalyzed by two key enzymes： trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（TPS） and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase（TPP）. In the present study, a TPS gene, named IbTPS, was first isolated from sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.） cv. Lushu 3 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）. The open reading frame（ORF） contained 2 580 nucleotides encoding 859 amino acids with a molecular weight of 97.433 kDa and an isoelectric point（pI） of 5.7. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with TPS of other plants. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbTPS gene was significantly higher in stems of Lushu 3 than in its leaves and roots. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that IbTPS gene was located in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco（cv. Wisconsin 38） plants over-expressing IbTPS gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared with the control plant. Trehalose and proline content was found to be significantly more accumulated in transgenic tobacco plants than in the wild-type and several stress tolerance related genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that IbTPS gene may enhance salt tolerance of plants by increasing the amount of treahalose and proline and regulating the expression of stress tolerance related genes.     

Silage maize quality in different uses of Italian ryegrass and soil management methods after liming

The effects of lime application with multiple soil management methods and uses on dry matter (DM) yield and crude protein (CP) content of Silage maize cropping in succession with Italian ryegrass (ryegrass) from 2009 to 2014 in a southern Brazilian Oxisol were studied. The experimental design was completely randomized block in split-plot with four replications. The main plot treatments were the four soil management methods: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT) and chiseled no-tillage (CNT). The sub-plots treatments were the three uses of Italian ryegrass (ryegrass): cover crop (CC), silage (S), and grazing dairy heifers as part of integrated crop-livestock system (ICL). In all the years, the maize was sown approximately 30 days after the ryegrass desiccation with herbicide. In the medium-term (5 yrs.) after liming, soil management methods did not change DM yield and CP content in silage maize. The use of ryegrass for S and ICL did not change DM yield, but notably maintained or increased CP content in silage maize after liming. The use of ryegrass only as CC provided less measurable benefits than the combined production system of silage maize with ryegrass.     

不同光谱LEDs对辣木幼苗生长及叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]研究LED补光对辣木幼苗生长及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响。[方法]以印度改良辣木(Moringa oleifera PKM-1)为试验材料,在相同外界环境下采用不同光谱条件的LEDs(Light Emitting Diodes)光源对辣木垂直补光,每组辣木补光12 h/d(8∶00—20∶00),测定不同补光处理下辣木幼苗的生长情况及其叶片中叶绿素含量。[结果]经红蓝4∶1(4R1B)LEDs处理的辣木种子发芽率高于对照,经过LEDs补光的3组辣木幼苗存活率均高于对照。LEDs补光处理的辣木幼苗株高、茎粗、全株干重、茎叶干重、总叶绿素含量均优于对照。其中光谱条件为全红的LEDs对辣木幼苗生长的促进效果最为显著,株高增加了120.66%,茎粗增加了52.11%,全株干重增加了52.35%,茎叶干重增加了33.57%,叶绿素总含量增加了19.28%。[结论]LED灯补光处理能显著促进辣木幼苗的生长及其叶片中叶绿素的合成。     

十产地地星宿的质量评价

[目的]客观评价贵州10个产地地星宿药材的质量客观评价。[方法]参照《中国药典》(2010年版一部)方法对10个产地地星宿的来源、鉴别、水分、总灰分及酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、挥发油进行比较研究。[结果]不同产地的地星宿药材在质量评价方面差异不甚明显。[结论]该结果为后续研究提供了参考数据。