贵州蔗区甘蔗黄叶病发生情况的分子鉴定

为明确甘蔗黄叶病在贵州各蔗区的发生情况,对贵州甘蔗生产主产区的23个甘蔗疑似感病植株进行了甘蔗黄叶病的分子检测。结果表明:8个甘蔗生产区中6个蔗区检测到甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV),样本阳性检测率为47.8%。结论:甘蔗黄叶病在贵州多个蔗区均有发生,不同品种间的感病情况存在差异,生产上需根据实际情况采取相应的防治措施。     

不同生态型小麦品种旗叶光合性能的研究

为明确不同生态型小麦品种的光合作用机制 ,以不同生态型小麦品种为材料研究了小麦旗叶的光合性能。结果表明 ,不同生态型小麦品种旗叶生育期间的气孔限制和非气孔限制具有相同的特点 ,在叶片功能旺盛的前中期 ,光合底物 CO2 对光合速率的限制主要是非气孔限制 ,在叶片老化后期 ,光合底物 CO2 对光合作用的限制同时存在着气孔限制和非气孔限制 ;不同生态型品种小麦旗叶光合功能和碳代谢特性具有与生态型表现相关的规律。春性品种叶绿素含量高 ,光合面积大 ,功能高值期 (RSP、PAD)长 ,叶源量 (L SC)大。半冬性品种光合速率高 ,叶绿素含量较低 ,功能高值期较短 ,叶源量最小。冬性品种叶绿素含量最低 ,功能高值期最短 ,叶面积和光合速率与半冬性品种差异较小     

玉米纹枯病研究进展及分子标记辅助选择策略

玉米纹枯病已成为我国玉米生产上的一种严重病害,且有逐年加重的趋势。系统地介绍了玉米纹枯病的症状、病原菌、致病机理、发病规律和防治措施以及玉米纹枯病抗性遗传等方面的研究进展,并从实际出发,提出了抗玉米纹枯病育种的分子标记辅助选择策略。     

不同生态区烟叶化学成分和营养元素特征与感官质量的关系

对贵州中烟工业公司在湖南、河南、云南、福建、贵州、四川6省8个基地72个C3F烟样的化学成分、营养元素和感官评吸质量进行了分析。结果表明:不同生态区烟叶化学成分差异显著,清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量显著高于浓香型烟叶,而浓香型烟叶两糖比显著高于清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶,但总氮、氮碱比和糖碱比均低于清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶。不同生态区烟叶营养元素差异显著,贵州威宁烟叶铁含量异常高,湖南郴州和福建三明烟叶锌含量异常高,河南平顶山烟叶锰及氯含量异常高,云南保山烟叶铜及氯偏高,使这些产地烟叶感官评吸质量下降。采用感官评价指标体系建立的多元回归方程表明,与烟叶感官评吸质量指标关联较大的化学指标是两糖比、氮碱比、烟碱,其次为糖碱比和氯离子。     

水稻分蘖功能叶激素水平变化及其与成穗率的关系

以亚种间杂交稻协优9308为材料,采用挂牌标记的方法,研究了不同时期出生的分蘖最上一片完全展开叶激素水平随水稻发育进程的动态变化以及激素水平与分蘖成穗率的相关性。结果表明,分蘖功能叶中IAA、GA1、ABA含量的变化特征各不相同;分蘖成穗率与功能叶中IAA含量呈极显著正相关,与功能叶中ABA含量呈极显著负相关,与功能叶中(IAA GA1)/ABA呈极显著正相关。     

山西省玉米叶螨加重发生原因与无害化综合治理

近年来玉米叶螨在山西的发生逐年加重,已成为玉米安全生产的巨大隐患。结合与叶螨发生密切相关的气候、生态、品种、天敌等因素,对玉米叶螨加重发生的原因做了深入分析,提出了改善玉米田生态系统、大力推广抗螨品种、科学使用生物和化学农药、保护利用天敌等一系列无害化综合治理措施。     

Corn Genotypic Variation Effects on Seedling Emergence and Leaf Appearance for Short-Season Areas

Identifying corn ( Zea mays L.) genotypes with faster rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance is important in developing a corn crop with earlier canopy closure and better seasonal light interception. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice to investigate whether corn genotypes known to vary in canopy architecture and yield potential differed in rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design utilizing seven genotypes: five of the newly developed Leafy reduced-stature (LRS) types (LRS1, LRS2, LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5), one conventional type [Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], and one late-maturing big-leaf (LMBL) type. Five seeds were planted in each pot and seedling emergence was recorded every day until all seeds emerged. Leaf appearance was recorded from seedling emergence until the plants reached anthesis. There was variability among the genotypes for both seedling emergence and leaf appearance rate. Mean seedling emergence values of greater than 90 % were achieved by four of the five LRS genotypes, and the LRS types generally emerged more rapidly than the others. Leaf appearance rate showed linear increases over time; however, LRS genotypes (in particular LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5) had more rapid leaf appearance rates than the others. The LMBL hybrid ranked last for both seedling emergence (<80 %) and leaf appearance rate. Rapid seedling emergence and leaf appearance by early-maturing genotypes (LRS and P3979, especially LRS) may help these types of genotypes achieve earlier canopy closure and better use of the light available during the growing season, which is critical in a short growing season environment.     

不同水分管理条件下烤烟的生长及品质研究

在豫东烟区烟叶大田生育期年正常降雨条件下，根据当地烟农灌溉习惯，于旺长期及打顶期再补充总灌溉量960～1060m^3／hm^2的水分，有利于改善烟叶品质，提高单位面积产值、上等烟比例、均价及烟叶含钾量。在缺水干旱或过量灌溉条件下，烟叶品质及经济性状变差。     

利用桑树叶资源发展畜牧业生产的可行性分析

桑树适应性广 ,我国各地均有分布 ,有些地区大面积栽培 ,主要用于养蚕生产。桑树是目前木本叶用植物中产量最高的树种之一 ,比经人工改造的南方山原草地的单位载畜量提高 5倍左右。桑叶的营养成分高于一般牧草 ,是木本植物中含量较高的树种。其粗蛋白和氨基酸总量不及大豆粉高 ,但各种氨基酸比例趋向一致 ,桑叶作为畜禽饲料养分很全面。养禽畜试验表明 ,桑叶作饲料适口性好 ,无采食障碍 ,食用后具有很高的消化率 ,品质提高……。因此 ,利用桑叶作为畜牧业的饲料非常有潜力 ,开发前景广阔。     

Micropropagation of Cryptanthus with leaf explants with attached intercalary meristems excised from greenhouse stock plants

By using the leaves with attached intercalary meristems from greenhouse grown stock plants, five cultivars of Cryptanthus were cultured on modified MS media with 4.5 μM NAA and IBA and 3 μM BA to induce adventitious shoot formation from callus tissue. Contamination was 17–21% for explants taken from stock plants which were sprayed weekly with Agribrom and 27–75% for those taken from stock plants which were not treated. More than 99% true to type plantlets were obtained from non-chimeric plants. Green and albino plantlets were obtained from chimeric plants. The chimeric C. ‘Coster's Favorite’ DeCoster also produced a few chimeric plantlets with intermarginal pink stripes in addition to the green and albino plantlets. Most of the non-chimeric plants took a shorter time to produce plantlets of transplantable size (8–12 mm) than the chimeric ones. Except for albino plantlets, survival rate of plantlets exceeded 95%. A minimum average of 500 rooted plantlets can be obtained in a year from a single well-callused leaf explant. The protocol in this report should speed up the mass production and introduction of desirable new cultivars and hybrids of non-chimeric Cryptanthus.