蝴蝶兰红花系品种间杂交结果率研究

选取9个蝴蝶兰红花系品种按完全双列杂交进行自交与杂交,共获得5个自交组合与16个杂交组合.总结果率为9.3%,其中自交结果率为22.2%,杂交结果率为7.7%.各组合果荚生长曲线走势大致相同,授粉后7～9 d,子房开始膨大,约于 50 d 趋于平稳状态.平均果实采收时间、质量、长及宽分别为(103±4) d,(3.41±0.18) g、(5.50±0.43) cm及(9.37±0.54) mm.果质量、果长、果宽三者之间呈正线性相关.     

海南岛文心兰、石斛兰病虫害调查

对海南岛文心兰、石斛兰病虫害进行初步调查,查出13种病害及9种虫害,其中真菌性病害9种,细菌性病害2种,病毒病2种。在所查出的病害中,疫霉菌、镰刀菌、欧氏杆菌引致的病害危害非常严重。     

巨桉人工林下土壤团聚体稳定性及分形特征

选择3年生巨桉纯林、巨桉+粮食作物、巨桉+果树土壤作为研究对象,农耕地作为对照,运用标准化平均质量直径及分形理论,分析不同巨桉人工林下的土壤团聚体稳定性及分形维数特征。结果表明,不同林地模式下,水稳性团聚体平均质量直径的变化顺序为农耕地>林粮>巨桉纯林>林果,农耕地与不同林地模式下水稳性团聚体平均质量直径差异显著,农耕地在退耕成巨桉人工林后不利于土壤大团聚体的形成;3种林地模式与农耕地比较有效磷、容重差异显著,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效钾含量差异不显著,说明林地覆盖增强了土壤的紧实度;相关分析表明,影响土壤稳定性的最重要因素为大团聚体的含量,而其他因素影响不显著;分形维数与<0.25mm团聚体含量、容重呈显著、极显著正相关,与1～2mm团聚体含量、平均质量直径呈极显著负相关,说明土壤团聚体的分形维数越小,土壤大团聚体含量越高,土壤团聚体稳定性越强;团聚体的分形维数值能反映土壤性质的变化,通过对土壤分形维数特征的研究可以定量揭示不同巨桉模式下土壤质量的特点。     

红壤区桉树人工林与不同林分土壤微生物活性及细菌多样性的比较

以广西红壤区桉树人工林、马尾松人工林和天然阔叶林为对象,采用PCR-DGGE以及稀释平板法等现代和传统分析技术,比较分析了不同林分土壤生物学性状以及细菌群落结构的特征。结果表明:桉树对林地土壤可培养微生物数量的影响效果虽逊于天然阔叶林树种,但与广西乡土树种马尾松之间并无显著差异。此外,桉树人工林土壤中涉及碳、氮、磷循环的土壤酶活性低于天然阔叶林和马尾松人工林,同样表征土壤肥力的微生物生物量碳、氮指标也逊于天然阔叶林,但微生物生物量碳和氮在两种人工林之间无规律性的差异。同时,桉树人工林土壤细菌多样性指数(H)、丰富度(S)以及均匀度(EH)指数均逊于天然阔叶林,但与广西乡土树种马尾松之间的差异并不显著。桉树对林地土壤肥力及生态环境的影响效果虽不及天然阔叶林树种,但与广西乡土树种马尾松林的生态效应相仿。     

河道淤泥和堆肥蛭石混合发酵制备基质及其育苗效果

农村河道清淤产生的淤泥,体量大、有机物浓度高,处置不当会造成二次污染。现代农业的工厂化育苗需求大量的营养土,就地取土导致耕地退化。该研究利用功能微生物发酵淤泥制备育苗基质,研究不同菌株发酵基质的物理和生物学性状,基质培育西瓜苗的生长、生理参数和抗逆性能。结果表明:微生物处理均能够提升淤泥基质物理和生物学性能,同时能够提升育苗质量。其中Trichoderma harzianum T83(T83)、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IAE(BIAE)菌株发酵基质性能最好。相较于对照处理基质的最大持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度,T83处理分别增加了64.25%、52.65%、45.05%、56.11%;BIAE处理分别增加了101.17%、45.43%、61.43%、38.14%。相较于对照处理西瓜苗的株高、鲜质量、干质量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、根际真菌、细菌数量,T83处理分别增加了66.85%、52.07%、72.16%、43.13%、54.93%、110.62倍、1.63倍;BIAE处理分别增加了80.40%、57.34%、82.37%、54.88%、46.40%、67.26%、2.60倍、2.94倍。T83和BIAE处理西瓜苗叶片过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶酶活显著增加,根系丙二醛含量显著降低。真菌菌株T. harzianum T83和细菌菌株B. amyloliquefaciens IAE发酵淤泥,能够显著提升其农用品质,为淤泥高附加值化农用提供一条可行的途径。     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

Sodicity and salinity in a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane irrigated with wastewater

Changes in soil sodicity-salinity parameters are one of the most characteristic alterations after treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation in agro-systems. Considering the importance of these parameters for agricultural management, as well as the economical value of sugarcane for Brazil, the present study aimed at evaluating effects on soil sodicity and salinity under tropical conditions over 16 months of TSE irrigation in a sugarcane plantation at Lins, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samplings were carried out in February 2005 (before planting), December 2005 (after 8 months of TSE irrigation) and September 2006 (after 16 months of TSE irrigation) following a complete block design with four treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of: (i) control, without TSE irrigation; (ii) T100, T150 and T200, with TSE irrigation supplying 100% (0% surplus, total of 2524 mm), 150% (50% surplus, total of 3832 mm) and 200% (100% surplus, total of 5092 mm) of crop water demand, respectively. Compared to initial soil conditions, at the end of the experiment increases of exchangeable sodium (from 2.4 to 5.9 mmol_c kg⁻¹), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (from 8 to 18%), soluble Na (from 1.4 to 4.7 mmol L⁻¹) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution (from 3.6 to 12.6 (mmol L⁻¹)^0.5) were found in the soil profile (0-100 cm) as an average for the irrigated plots due to high SAR of TSE. Associated with the increments were mostly significant increases in clay dispersion rates at depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution increased during the TSE irrigation period whereas at the end of the experiment, after short term discontinuation of irrigation and harvest, EC in the topsoil (0-10 and 10-20 cm) decreased compared to the previous samplings. Moreover, despite increasing sodicity over time mainly insignificant differences within the different irrigated treatments were found in December 2005 and September 2006. This suggests that independent of varying irrigation amounts the increasing soil sodicity over time were rather caused by the continuous use of TSE than by its quantity applied. Moreover, also plant productivity showed no significant differences within the TSE irrigated plots. The study indicates that monitoring as well as remediation of soil after TSE irrigation is required for a sustainable TSE use in order to maintain agricultural quality parameters.     

块菌资源多样性及其地理分布

2　我国主要块菌的形态比较印度块菌 (Ｔ .ｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ :该菌子囊果与黑孢块菌极为相似 ,一般不易区别 ,仅可通过显微镜对产孢组织 (ｇｌｅｂａ)及子囊孢子壁文饰 (ａｓｃｏｓｐｏｒｅｗａｌｌｏｒｎａｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ)结构上的差异进行分别。印度块菌子囊孢子数目通常多     

巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响

研究了巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响,结果表明：在巨尾桉木屑栽培基质中,与对照菌株‘漳耳43-28’相比,新菌株43012和杂10菌丝长势好,污染率低,产量高,营养品质好,可以在福建等地推广示范。