美国研究生课堂教学特点及启示

研究生课堂教学作为研究生培养的重要组成部分,是研究生获得知识、技能和培养创新能力的一个关键环节。美国研究生课堂教学具有任教师资学术水平高、教学内容侧重内在联系、互动式开放教学盛行、课程考核评价方法科学合理等特点,这些对提高中国研究生课堂教学质量具有一定的借鉴作用。     

伦理视域下剖析现代生物技术的发展

文中简要归纳了现代生物技术的应用情况,着重分析了现代生物技术发展带来的主要伦理问题,并提出了发展现代生物技术应遵循的4个基本伦理原则。     

金佛山方竹竹笋幼竹生长节律

笔者在不同立地条件下和竹林类型中选择３０株竹笋观测其生长节律发现,金佛山方竹高生长开始与出笋期同步,始于九月上中旬,结束于十一月中下旬,历时６０－７０天;地径生长与高生长同步,结束于十月上旬。分析表明,高生长受竹笋出土期、竹笋径级,林分密度的制约,是制订年度经营措施的重要影响依据。     

Revenue risk management, risk aversion and the use of Livestock Gross Margin for Dairy Cattle insurance

The Livestock Gross Margin Insurance for Dairy Cattle is a federally reinsured insurance program that enables US dairy producers to establish minimum levels of milk income net of feed cost. Given the structure of this program there are an infinite number of possible contract designs based on the choice of deductible level and proportion of production insured. Adding to this complexity, producers vary in their risk preferences, which affect the incentive to insure their margin. It is unclear as to how producers may adopt this program for revenue risk management. This paper investigates the interplay between producer risk preferences, contract design and the subsidization of premium in determining program coverage. We undertook this analysis within an expected utility framework. Optimal contracts under different rates of constant relative rate of risk aversion and subsidies were analyzed using a nonlinear optimization model. We found that total optimal coverage increased significantly with the level of risk of aversion at lower deductibles but as deductible level increased, the level of risk aversion had a lesser impact on total optimal coverages. As expected, at the same deductible and risk aversion levels, inclusion of a premium subsidy increased the total optimal coverage.     

三疣梭子蟹B型清道夫受体蛋白的原核表达及细胞、组织分布研究

B型清道夫受体是清道夫受体超家族成员,可识别多种配体,在机体脂类转运及免疫防御过程中发挥重要作用。为深入研究三疣梭子蟹B型清道夫受体(Pt-SRB)的功能,本实验在前期工作基础上构建了Pt-SRB胞外结构域原核表达载体,并成功获得了重组蛋白rPt-SRB。利用亲和层析方法获得纯化的rPt-SRB,并将纯化rPt-SRB蛋白免疫大鼠获得抗rPt-SRB重组蛋白免疫抗血清以用于后续研究。SDS-PAGE检测发现,体外诱导表达重组rPt-SRB以包涵体的形式出现在大肠杆菌BL21裂解液的沉淀中,分子量大小约为49.18 ku。Western-Blot分析表明,大鼠抗rPt-SRB血清能与rPt-SRB特异性结合。本实验还利用免疫荧光技术,对Pt-SRB在三疣梭子蟹血淋巴细胞的定位及不同组织中的分布进行研究。结果显示,Pt-SRB在三疣梭子蟹消化道、肝胰腺、鳃、心脏、肌肉组织中均有分布,但不同组织中Pt-SRB的分布不同。免疫荧光结果显示,绿色荧光信号在消化道及腺体结缔组织中较强,另外在肝小管上皮、鳃丝上皮细胞中亦有较强的阳性信号,表明PtSRB蛋白在上述组织结构中分布较广;在血淋巴细胞中,绿色荧光信号主要分布于细胞质和细胞膜,在细胞核中没有明显荧光信号,提示Pt-SRB在三疣梭子蟹血淋巴细胞的细胞质和细胞膜上表达。本结果将为三疣梭子蟹B型清道夫受体蛋白的生理及免疫学功能的研究奠定基础。     

河南省苹果园鞘翅目天敌昆虫资源发生种类记述——步甲科Carabdae

详细描述了鞘翅目步甲科3属6种,等天敌昆虫的分类地位、形态特征,简述了天敌昆虫的生活习性、发生程度。     

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.     

植物病程相关蛋白PR10研究进展

PR（pathogenesis related protein）蛋白产生与积累是植物体应答生物或非生物胁迫的主要特征之一。近年来大量PR蛋白被鉴定,根据它们的结构,亲源关系和生物活性,被分为17个功能家族。PR10蛋白具有核酸酶相似结构,一般为分子量16～19kD的酸性蛋白。近年来相关研究表明一些PR10蛋白具有核酸酶活性和体外抗菌活性,在植物防御反应中发挥重要作用,具有较为广泛的应用前景。本文就PR10蛋白的生理功能、基因结构、表达调控及其与植物抗病的关系等方面的最新研究进展作一综述,并结合本实验室工作展望其在植物抗性育种方面的应用前景。     

甘肃观赏竹类资源亟待研究开发

观赏竹子是非常优良的城乡绿化和园林造景材料,具有极高的生态效益和经济价值。我国北方在观赏竹类的研究开发方面远不如南方,甘肃的情况更显落后。观赏竹类在园林造景中具有作主景、配景、障景、框景、夹景、地被、盆栽等多种用途。文章调查分析了甘肃观赏竹类资源分布、研究概况,针对甘肃竹类资源研究不够,家底不清,经营方式守旧、培育技术粗放,竹类资源破坏严重,缺乏专业研究队伍和生产一线的技术人员等实际问题,提出了加强竹类植物的基础研究,制定竹林发展规划,扩大竹林面积,培育新的竹林资源,建立和完善竹产业技术支撑体系的6项对策。     

梁漱溟论传统文化在乡村建设中的地位和作用

阐述了梁漱溟乡村建设思想的内在思路,分析认为梁漱溟所揭示的传统文化在乡村建设中的地位,对当今中国新农村建设具有启示意义。