烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。     

玉米秸秆残茬覆盖对大豆田土壤水温效应的影响

研究了传统耕作、玉米原垄留茬耕作、玉米原垄留茬全覆盖、玉米留茬条带覆盖、浅松覆盖和深松覆盖6种耕作方式下土壤含水率、棵间蒸发量和地温的变化。结果表明,条带覆盖对大豆不同生育期土壤剖面含水率影响最大;其他耕作方式对棵间蒸发的抑制作用均小于传统耕作;日平均地温在苗期变化明显;保护性耕作对日平均地温影响较大,传统耕作最高,留茬全覆盖最低。     

Study on Clinical Efficacy of Oligosaccharide Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate Against Bovine Mastitis

In order to detect the clinical efficacy of oligosaccharide sulfate(DEAE) and dextran sulfate (DS-4000) against bovine mastitis,56 cows with bovine mastitis were divided into 5 groups (DEAE group,DS-4000 group,DEAE＋penicillin group,DS-4000＋penicillin group and penicillin group),and their breasts were perfusion with different drugs twice one day for 3 days.The effective rates of drugs were observed by clinic symptoms.Milk samples were collected before and after treatment of drugs,and the bacterial negative conversion rate of each group were detected by microbial examination.The results showed that total effective rates of 5 groups were 10.00%,20.00%,58.33%,75.00% and 50.00%,respectively,and the bacterial negative conversion rates were 0,12.50%,50.00%,54.55% and 44.44%,respectively.In conclusion,the curative efficiencies of the polysaccharides against bovine mastitis were weak,but it could be improved by combination with penicillin.     

Livestock grazing has minimal effect on the species richness and diversity of semi-arid shrubland in the Western Little Karoo,South Africa

The Succulent Karoo, one of two arid biodiversity hotspots in the world, is known for its high plant species richness, but little is known about the influence of topography and how it mediates the potentially deleterious effects of grazing. Changes in vegetation species composition, cover and species diversity were examined along piosphere gradients on northerly slopes, bottomlands and low-lying plains on 45 farms. Landscapes differed in the plant speciesand life-form composition, species richness and cover, with the more species-rich, heterogeneous grassy northerly slopes distinct from the plains and bottomlands, which were dominated by Pteronia pallens, Psilocaulon junceum and Drosanthenum spp. with more annual and ephemeral species. Overall, species richness declined linearly with decreasing rangeland condition. A weak grazing effect was detected only on the north-facing slopes, where shrubs and grass decreased with intense grazing. Years of overgrazing have resulted in the widespread dominance of P. pallens, especially on the plains and bottomlands, rendering them insensitive to grazing. The current condition of the northern slopes should be maintained and managed such that palatable species can spread to more degraded areas of the landscape.     

茯苓发酵液的抑菌和抗肿瘤活性

研究了茯苓(Wolfiporia cocos)发酵液的抑菌和体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明：茯苓发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)具有较好的抑制作用;茯苓发酵液对人宫颈癌细胞 Hela、小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16和肝癌细胞 Hep-3B均具有较好的抑制效果,其作用48 h 的半抑制剂量为23.7、15.9和13.7μL。     

溶剂对接枝共聚物吸收波长的影响

根据Nicol的线性方程,利用分光光度计测试了一种偶氮与淀粉接枝共聚物在6种溶剂中的吸收光谱.结果表明,共聚物的吸收波长与溶剂的色散力、诱导力、偶极力有关系,由于这些作用力的相互影响,导致聚合物的吸收光谱发生"红移".     

上海松江中心城区道路绿化类型及景观分析

将松江中心城区道路绿化的配置形式归纳为14个类型,并对各类型的绿化景观效果进行了分析。     

农业推广方法选择研究——以陕西省三原县为例

本文以陕西省三原县为例,采用典型调查方法,运用问卷调查、农户访问等资料搜集手段,研究各种因素对农业推广方法选择的影响.研究结果表明:推广对象的经济状况、采用创新的不同阶段以及推广对象的文化程度等都影响到农业推广方法的选择,而要最大限度地提高推广效果需要综合采用多种农业推广方法.     

河西绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作的增产节水效应

试验设20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20),40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40),40 cm立秆(NS40),20 cm立秆(NS20),6 750kg/hm2覆盖(NSB40),3 750 kg/hm2覆盖(NSB20)和传统耕作(CT)7个处理,在节水1 950 m3/hm2的条件下,研究了不同的秸秆覆盖量、留茬高度和秸秆处理对小麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和不同时期土壤水分的影响。结果表明,留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的产量,NPS20,NPS40,NS40,NS20,NSB40和NSB20较CT分别增产53.08%,46.59%,40.81%,19.93%,17.33%和4.34%;留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的水分利用效率(WUE)(NPS20,NS40,NPS40,NS20,NSB40,NSB20分别较CT提高58.02%,43.40%,47.27%,23.78%,20.69%,8.56%),但增加了小麦生育期土壤水分支出;不同处理在不同时期对土壤水分的影响不同。     

不同杀菌剂对当归主要病害的防效及经济效益比较

针对甘肃当归病害逐年加重态势, 采用田间随机区组试验, 分析比较70%噁霉灵WP?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP和80%代森锰锌WP对当归主要病害防效及经济效益, 以期筛选出最佳防控药剂?结果表明:3种杀菌剂均能不同程度防治当归病害, 其中以50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对褐斑病?麻口病防效最佳, 分别为70.38%~78.75%?84.48%~91.04%, 70%噁霉灵WP 0.34 g/L和80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L次之, 对褐斑病防效分别为59.14%~63.72%?58.14%~62.84%, 对麻口病防效分别为78.61%~83.57%?78.97%~83.57%?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L能很好地抑制当归抽薹, 抑制率达58.63%~63.15%?3种杀菌剂均能明显提高当归药材产量构成因子, 以80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L处理增产增收效果最好, 两年平均增产量高达5 559.91 kg/hm2, 平均经济效益为194 136.65元/hm2, 但投入产出比最低, 为1∶480.63?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对当归病害防效及抽薹抑制率最高, 投入产出比为1∶634.02, 在此基础上综合考虑病害防效和经济效益, 50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L可作为生产上防控当归主要病害的主推药剂?