乌兰生态环境治理探讨

分析了鸟兰生态环境现状，针对存在的问题，提出改善本区生态环境的措施和建议。     

散养成乳牛舍环境测定

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。     

农业CDM项目对环境的影响及开发障碍

分析了农业CDM项目的开发现状及其对环境的影响和开发障碍,该项目对大气、土壤、附近地面水和地下水的负面影响可大幅度降低,符合当前清洁生产发展趋势,应大力支持该类项目的开发。     

四川省不同地理环境下辣椒果实辣椒碱及VC含量差异

为分析四川不同地理、气候条件下辣椒果实内辣椒碱及VC含量差异,在成都平原和川南攀西高原按照当地种植习惯栽种2个线椒品种和1个牛角椒品种,果实成熟后,测定了果实内辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量。试验结果表明,攀枝花和西昌地区栽种的辣椒辣度显著低于成都和遂宁产的辣椒,但其VC含量显著高于后者;3个辣椒品种辣椒碱和VC含量受环境因素影响。     

城市水体环境设计的生态学研究

城市扩展过程中,维护区域山水格局的连续性和完整性,是维护城市生态安全的一大关键。城市水体环境的保护、利用和开发受到越来越多的重视。本文从生态学的视角来研究城市水体环境,讨论了水景植物的选择配置、护岸的处理以及维持水体生物生态系统和生物多样性等方面的设计方案,提出了生态水体环境塑造的方法。     

我国农村环境教育的重要性

在我国农村,环境污染所造成的环境质量下降已经对农业经济的发展和人们的身体健康产生了严重的影响。为提高农村环境质量和推进新农村建设,阐述了对领导干部、农民和企业这3个群体的环境教育,提高他们的环境意识,为我国经济持续健康的发展奠定良好基础。     

玉米叶片保绿度F1杂种优势与环境互作效应分析

采用加性-显性及与环境互作的遗传模型,利用玉米6个亲本,按完全双列杂交设计组配的15个杂交组合在4种环境条件下的试验资料,分析玉米叶片保绿度F1杂种优势与环境互作效应。结果表明:玉米叶片保绿度F1杂种优势存在着极显著的基因型与环境互作效应。不同杂交组合在同一环境下的F1杂种优势表现不尽相同,同一杂交组合在不同环境条件下表现也不尽相同。玉米自交系沈137是选育保绿性玉米杂交种较好的亲本材料。     

Ecosystem services from turfgrass landscapes

Turf is an important component of the urban and rural landscape. The natural plant formations/biomes that it mimics are the tropical savanna, the temperate grasslands (steppe and the prairies) and the tundra. Turf in a higher or lower degree provides all the ecosystem services of the other types of vegetation. Vegetation ecosystem services that have been previously emphasized include functional, aesthetical, recreational, social, and economic services as well as services related to people psychological or physical health. The purpose of this review is to gather updated information on turf ecosystem services, mainly on how they compare to other types of vegetation, or substitutes, and to suggest some future trends/areas of research.Turf has a unique role in aesthetics and, definitely, provides an irreplaceable surface for recreational sports/activities. From the available information, turf seems to have a higher potential than other types of vegetation for reducing runoff, increasing infiltration, purifying water from sediments and pollutants, controlling erosion, improving soil quality and reducing fire hazards. For the lawn owners the main turf benefits are: first the enhanced property aesthetics, second the increment in property value and third the provision of a recreation area. Turf, as all vegetation, uses water. Without the water its benefits may be reduced or annihilated. Mimicking nature may offer some solutions for saving water: summer brown lawns that green up in the fall, although losing some of the turf benefits, may be an appropriate choice where irrigation is not feasible and are worth some research. Research, should also be done on lawns using a mix of grasses and legumes: the presence of legumes may avoid N fertilization and, possibly allows for clippings removal and usage as biofuel, while keeping the soil accumulation of carbon, preventing N leaching and turning turf’s carbon footprint even more positive.     

关中盆地全新世黄土-土壤剖面微量元素的地球化学特征及其古气候意义

通过对老官台全新世黄土剖面12种微量元素的测定分析,结合本剖面已测定的粒度、磁化率、光释光(OSL)年龄,研究和揭示了它们在表生环境下的地球化学特征和古气候意义。微量元素在风化成壤过程中,其活动性由强至弱顺序为BaSrCdPbLiZnCuCrMnCoRbNi。其中Rb、Li、Cr、Co、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni八种元素在土壤形成过程中相对富集,含量较高;Sr、Ba、Cd三种元素在土壤中相对淋失,含量较低;但Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb五种元素对黄土层和土壤层的区别不是很明显。因此,Rb、Li、Cr、Co的高含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,低含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境;而Sr、Ba、Cd低含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,高含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境。Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Cd元素含量在表土层中的富集主要与现代耕作活动或工业污染有关,反映了人类活动强度的不断增强。LGT剖面主要微量元素的变化清楚地记录了关中盆地自末次冰消期以来气候环境经历的显著波动变化。     

The cultural model of “the good farmer” and the environmental question in Finland

Farmers' relationship with nature isdetermined by the significance of agriculturefor human beings. When agriculture is definedas human activity that uses renewable naturalresources and aims to produce usable food andfiber products, agriculture is explicitlydefined as production. Farmers' relationshipwith nature is based on the principle ofproduction. This article discusses thecontradiction between the peasant values ofprotection of nature that many farmers inFinland still have and the environmental harmtheir production-oriented farming style causes.When farmers interpret their farming practicesas harmonious co-operation with nature, it isdifficult for them to see the polluting effectsof their work. Paul B. Thompson's suggestionthat three religious–philosophical doctrines(hard work, the doctrine of grace, and the mythof garden) have made it easy for farmers toadopt productionist farming strategy is used asa framework to interpret farmers' narrativesconcerning their relationship with nature. Theresearch is qualitative and biographical. Thedata include life stories and biographicaltexts farmers wrote for a competition in1997.