香菜的平衡含水率测定试验研究

利用DL104型电热鼓风干燥箱试验装置,采用静态法分别测得香菜在温度为25℃和35℃、相对湿度为1 0%~9 5%范围内的解吸和吸湿平衡含水率数据,绘制了相应的香菜解吸和吸湿等温线,分析了温度和环境相对湿度对香菜平衡含水率的影响,确定了香菜干制品的安全贮藏条件。结果表明:香菜的平衡含水率存在吸湿"滞后"现象;环境相对湿度比温度对香菜平衡含水率的影响更大;当香菜样品干基含水率大于50%时,出现霉变现象;当环境相对湿度大于60%时,霉变现象严重。     

Thermal requirements and population dynamics of root‐knot nematodes on cucumber and yield losses under protected cultivation

Several studies were carried out to determine (i) thermal requirements for development, egg production and emergence of juveniles, and completion of the life cycle of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica on cucumber, (ii) the maximum multiplication rate and the equilibrium density of root‐knot nematodes on cucumber and yield losses in pot and plastic greenhouse experiments, and (iii) the relationships between relative leaf chlorophyll content (RLCC) and relative cucumber dry top weight biomass (RDTWB) in relation to increasing nematode densities at planting (P_i) in pot experiments. Thermal requirements of M. incognita and M. javanica on cucumber did not differ, irrespective of the biological stage. In the pot experiments, M. javanica completed one generation. The maximum multiplication rate (a) was 833, and the equilibrium density (E) varied according to the effective inoculum densities. The relationship between RDTWB and P_i fitted the Seinhorst damage function model. The RLCC value at 40 or 50 days post‐inoculation also fitted the damage model and was related to RDTWB. In greenhouse experiments, conducted from 2009 to 2012, M. incognita completed three generations. The values for a and E were 1147 and 625 second stage juveniles (J2) per 250 cm³ soil, respectively. The tolerance limit was below zero, and the minimum relative yield ranged from 0·12 to 0·34.     

技术—环境贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口影响的局部均衡分析

首先分析了技术-环境贸易壁垒的定义和特征,描述了中国农产品遭受到的技术-环境贸易壁垒,然后通过采用局部均衡分析的方法来分析技术-环境贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响,结果表明：技术-环境贸易壁垒会使中国的社会福利减少,同时能够产生较高的遵循成本,该遵循成本在出口国的生产者和进口国的消费者这件进行分摊。最后通过这种分析指出企业在遭受技术-环境贸易壁垒时应根据不同的情况以做出相应的决策。     

玉米黄粉可降解性塑料的制备和性质

玉米黄粉是湿法玉米淀粉加工的副产物。为充分利用这种副产物生产可降解塑料,将其与增塑剂甘油混合后,经单螺杆挤压机制成母粒,母粒再被热压成型为试验片,并对试验片的性质进行了分析,结果表明：含有20%甘油的试验片具有良好的机械性质;以Halsey方程为基础,建立的模型能预测试验片拉伸强度与相对湿度关系,经验证模型与实际测量值具有良好的拟合性;应用扫描电子显微镜观察试验片内部结构的结果表明它具有均匀的结构;热重分析的结果表明可降解试验片在170℃以下时能保持热稳定性。     

Use of the Biological Flora framework in the United Kingdom Overseas Territories: Euphorbia origanoides L.

The United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are globally important for a high diversity of endemic and threatened plant species but are poorly represented in plant ecological literature. This lack of ecological research is compounded by a lack of funding and skills. Cost effective approaches of compiling conservation relevant information are required. Here we present the first examination of a species from the UKOTs presented within the standard framework of a Biological Flora. This framework allows a convenient way to compile ecological information and assess missing data. The account reviews all available information on Euphorbia origanoides L. (Ascension spurge) from Ascension Island (South Atlantic Ocean) relevant to understanding its ecology and conservation, including soil chemistry, climate and plant community data. E. origanoides is an endemic perennial, found in dry, lava plains of Ascension Island with soils comprised of weathered volcanic scoria. E. origanoides has suffered habitat loss through the introduction of invasive species and survival in the wild is currently under threat. We relate the information gathered for this Biological Flora to the conservation of the species in the wild and propose the framework should be used as one way of compiling information relevant for conservation managers. The framework is beneficial as it allows an evidence-based approach to conservation but also permits the prioritisation of research and can help conservation managers to meet targets for the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.     

Evaluation of genetic architecture and mutation drift equilibrium of Marathwada buffalo population in Central India

In the present study, microsatellite data on 24 loci were generated and utilized to evaluate the genetic architecture and mutation drift equilibrium of Marathwada buffaloes, a Central Indian population maintained under low input system. Sufficient allelic diversity was observed with a total of 109 alleles across different loci. The genetic diversity analysis of Marathwada buffaloes displayed moderate level of within breed variability in terms of mean number of alleles per locus (4.48) and heterozygosity values (Ho = 0.532, He = 0.624). The studied Indian buffalo population showed considerable heterozygote deficiency (F_IS = 0.138) and deviation from HWE at many investigated loci. Three quantitative tests viz. sign test, standardized difference test and Wilcoxon sign rank test and a qualitative test for mode shift distortion of allelic frequencies were employed to evaluate mutation drift equilibrium under three different models of microsatellite evolution. The population was found to deviate significantly under IAM and TPM, while it was reverse under SMM. The qualitative test for mode shift supported the results under SMM indicating the absence of genetic bottleneck in the recent past in Marathwada buffaloes.     

添加剂对稻秆燃烧过程中碱金属形态分布的影响

采用化学热平衡分析方法对稻秆燃烧过程中碱金属K的化学形态及其分布,以及添加Al,Si,S,P,Ca等元素对稻秆燃烧过程中碱金属的化学形态分布的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在稻秆中加添加Al或同时添加Al和Si,可以避免稻秆燃烧过程中发生结渣和沉积问题.温度低于900℃燃烧时添加S或温度低于1 100℃添加P.可有效的缓解稻秆中碱金属引起的结渣和聚团问题.系统中Ca的增加可有效的抑制碱金属引起的结渣和聚团问题,但有可能增加其引起的沉积和腐蚀问题.而Si的增加使K以液态形式存在的摩尔百分比增加,导致底灰聚团的现象加重.     

山苍子油汽一液相平衡模拟研究

借助Aspen Plus模拟软件,采用改进基团贡献法（UNIFAC—DMD）,并利用单级平衡分离模型对山苍子[Litseacubeba（Lour．）Pers．]油进行汽一液相平衡计算,得到了各主要成分与柠檬醛在101．3、5．0和0．3kPa下的二元汽一液相平衡组成和相平衡曲线,同时计算了该物系中各组分在O．3kPa和328．15K时的汽一液相组成和分布;对于ASPEN数据库中缺少的组分采用Properties Estimation模块进行物性估算。研究结果可为从山苍子油减压蒸馏提纯柠檬醛提供了重要的基础理论依据。     

Distribution of trust model in P2P network based on equilibrium theory

There are a large number of malicious attack nodes and collusion groups in P2P(peer to peer) network, and the existing trust models improve the P2P network environment to some extent, but the emphasis of the models are different, which are unable to fully solve large-scale malicious attacks and deception. Therefore, a P2P trust model based on equilibrium theory is presented. The model consists of the construction of the trust structure, the malicious node detection and trust speculation. It constructs trust network according to the equilibrium theory, uses the equilibrium theory to define nodes balance factor, detects balance malicious nodes by calculating the impact of malicious behavior on the network, and adopts trust inference algorithm to estimate trust nodes to prevent distrust network nodes being added. Experimental results show that the model is reliable, and the algorithm is efficient and robust.     

我国建设用地增量指标配置的空间均衡度评价

采用2005—2010年全国31个省(市、自治区)土地和社会经济数据,构建了建设用地增量指标配置的空间均衡度模型,对我国各省建设用地增量配置的空间合理性进行了评价。结果表明:我国共计23个省份处于均衡状态,占全国的74.19%,整体看来建设用地增量配置与社会经济发展、资源禀赋的空间格局是基本相符的,但各省份之间均衡状态也存在一定差异,处于失衡状态的省份主要分布在西南和东北地区。大部分省份建设用地增量指标配置总体较均衡,但部分省份仍存在过度配置或配置不足的状况。过度配置的省份大多分布在中西部地区,配置不足的省份主要包括东北3省和北京、广东、甘肃,东部地区各省相对于供给因素则均属过度配置。对资源禀赋考虑的相对不足导致了我国目前建设用地增量指标配置空间失衡的格局,今后应重视配置强度与供给能力之间的匹配,实现保障发展与保护环境的双赢。