Effects of natural feeding stimulants and glutamic acid supplementation on the feed intake,growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of red sea bream (Pagrus major) fed fish meal‐free soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diet

Two experiments were conducted for red sea bream (Pagrus major). In experiment 1, the optimum level of glutamic acid and natural feeding stimulants to enhance feed intake were determined and found that glutamic acid level of 0.5% and fish meat hydrolysate (FMH) were effective. In experiment 2, fish were fed with soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diet with synthetic feeding stimulants (Basal diet), the Basal diet with FMH (FMH diet), the FMH diet with glutamic acid (FMHG diet) and with fish meal diet (FM diet) as a control until satiation for 8 weeks. Feed intake of FMHG‐fed fish was significantly higher than others (p < 0.05). Specific growth rate and the feed conversion ratio of FMHG were comparable to those of FM‐fed fish (p > 0.05). Relative visceral fat ratio and crude lipid content of any SPC‐based diet‐fed fish tended to be lower than those of FM diet‐fed fish. There were no significant differences in trypsin and lipase activities hepatopancreas among treatments. SPC can be utilized as a sole protein source in a diet for red sea bream. The lower growth performance in SPC‐based diet‐ fed fish was not due to poor digestive enzyme secretion but could be associated with lipid utilization disorder.     

5%噻虫嗪水乳剂防治稻飞虱田间药效试验

采用5%噻虫嗪水乳剂防治稻飞虱田间药效试验。结果表明,5%噻虫嗪水乳剂有效成份用量为15.00、11.25、7.50 g/hm2对稻飞虱的防治效果均显著优于对照药剂25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂有效成份用量7.5 g/hm2,药后第1天防效高达90.34%,药后第3天防效高达95.03%,药后第7天防效高达92.43%,且在试验作物上未见药害发生。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.     

纤维诱导对乳清浓缩蛋白起泡性的改善作用分析

纤维诱导对乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)起泡性具有明显的改善作用。通过向乳清浓缩蛋白中添加一定量成熟的纤维,研究热处理过程中纤维诱导对乳清浓缩蛋白起泡性的影响。结果发现,纤维诱导的乳清浓缩蛋白起泡性远高于乳清浓缩蛋白自发形成纤维的起泡性。在诱导过程中,纤维可以快速提高乳清浓缩蛋白的起泡性,尤其在诱导前期(0~2 h);纤维诱导乳清浓缩蛋白1 h和2 h的起泡能力分别是乳清浓缩蛋白自发形成纤维的1.36倍和1.41倍。成熟纤维可快速诱导乳清浓缩蛋白形成纤维,提高聚合速率并缩短纤维形成时间。同时,聚合驱动力也在诱导前期(0~2 h)快速变化,加速纤维形成。     

Evaluation of replacing fish meal with corn protein concentrate in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings commercial diet

Four isocaloric‐isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 190 g/kg corn protein concentrate (CPC) as replacement for dietary fish meal were fed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks. Tilapia growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) different in fish fed diets with 0, 50 and 100 g/kg CPC and found to be superior compared to those fed on 190 g/kg CPC. Fish dressing ratios and body composition were similar among all treatments. The electron microscope indicated that the stomach size of control fish was slightly smaller and the wall was thinner while the stomach of the fish fed all other levels of CPC undergone a remarkable size increase and their walls were thicker after feeding diets with CPC. Total aerobic bacterial and coliform counts were significantly decreased in fish intestine when fed diets with 100 and 190 g/kg CPC compared with fish fed diets with 0 g/kg or 50 g/kg CPC. This study indicates that it is possible to replace up to 534 g/kg of dietary fish meal in tilapia fingerlings using 100 g/kg of CPC without any negative effect on fish growth and proximate body composition.     

嘧菌酯·氰霜唑30%水悬浮剂配方的研究

对嘧菌酯·氰霜唑30%水悬浮剂的助剂进行配方筛选,确定配方组成为嘧菌酯21%、氰霜唑11%、THB-3 1%,THB-4 4%、乙二醇5%、苯甲酸钠0.1%、黄原胶0.1%、硅酸镁铝1%、AF-9903 0.3%,水补至100%。对该制剂的性能指标悬浮率,自发分散性,持久起泡性,热贮稳定性等,进行了测试评估,结果证明该制剂的各项指标均符合水悬浮剂的标准要求,并且药效显著、用量低、无药害、对环境友好。     

高精料日粮饲喂诱导泌乳奶牛发生乳脂抑制的机制

高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的相关机制目前还不清楚.本研究通过探究高精料饲喂对肝脏内乳脂前体代谢的影响,揭示奶牛(Bos taurus)发生乳脂抑制的相关机制,将10头泌乳期(25+5)d荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比4∶6(对照组)和6∶4(实验组)日粮.饲喂20周后实施肝脏血管瘘手术,护理4周,进行如下实验:1)统计奶牛产奶量,每周测定乳成分;2)采集空腹进出肝脏血液,检测甘油三酯(triglyceride,TAG)和游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)的含量;3)活体穿刺取肝脏组织,qRT-PCR检测肝脏中脂代谢相关基因的表达.结果表明,高精料饲喂6～l8周可提高产奶量,18周后乳脂率显著降低(P＜0.05).高精料组奶牛肝脏TAG和FFA的净输出含量显著(P＜0.05)或极显著降低(P＜0.01);肝脏中参与脂肪酸合成代谢的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-lc基因(sterol regulating element binding protein-1 c,SREBP-1c)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因(acetyl-coa carboxylase,ACC)和脂肪酸合成酶基因(fatty acid synthetase,FAS)表达显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)下调;参与脂肪酸分解代谢的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α基因(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α,PPARα)和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1基因(carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1,CPT-1)表达显著上调(P＜0.05).高精料饲喂导致奶牛肝脏脂肪酸合成代谢减弱而分解代谢增强,肝脏内乳脂前体物发生重分配,乳脂前体物输出减少,影响了乳脂合成.本研究揭示了高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的机制,为改善奶牛乳脂率提供了理论基础.     

植物生长调节剂25%调环酸钙油悬浮剂的研制

[目的]对25%调环酸钙油悬浮剂配方中的助剂进行筛选,优化配方。[方法]以调环酸钙为原药,按照油悬浮剂生产工艺流程,对配方中的润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂进行筛选,并且测定各项质量技术指标。[结果]优化配方为:调环酸钙原药25%,助剂EL-105.0%,NP-7 10.0%,尿素4.0%,有机膨润土1.2%,用油酸甲酯补至100%。[结论]该配方制剂外观无明显分层,水中分散性良好,颗粒细度达到要求。各项指标均符合油悬浮剂的相关标准。     

超声波处理对牛乳浓缩蛋白水溶性的影响

经贮藏后的牛乳浓缩蛋白(milk protein concentrate,MPC)的水溶性会下降,而MPC的水溶性直接影响其应用价值.本实验利用超声波技术处理新鲜和贮藏后的MPC,研究不同超声波处理条件对贮藏后的MPC水溶性的影响.结果表明:超声处理(50、300、600 W分别处理5 min; 300 W分别处理3、5、10 min)贮藏后的MPC85,其水溶性显著下降;而超声处理(300 W或600 W分别处理3、5、10 min)新鲜MPC70后在50℃条件下贮藏30 d,其水溶性下降较缓慢且300 W处理10 min的水溶性下降得最慢.因此,在MPC生产过程中进行超声处理,可以在一定程度上减缓MPC贮藏过程中水溶性下降程度.     

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献