1.0%苦参碱可溶液剂的配方及润湿和喷雾性能

为开发出适宜于飞防的苦参碱可溶液剂，并明确其润湿性能及喷雾性能，本研究采用单因素试验筛选苦参碱可溶液剂的润湿分散剂种类及用量，测试了各配方的热贮和低温稳定性，利用光学接触角测量仪测试制剂的表面张力和接触角，利用水敏纸测试苦参碱可溶液剂在无人机喷雾时的雾滴密度及覆盖率，以此评价药剂的润湿性和喷雾性能。结果显示：BY-125为适宜于苦参碱可溶液剂的润湿剂，且当BY-125用量为1%～5%时，制剂具有较好的稳定性；随着BY-125用量升高，苦参碱可溶液剂的静态表面张力（SST）和动态接触角（DCA）逐渐下降。向稀释液中添加1.5%倍达通后，SST和DCA均分别降低48.78%～52.39%和56.59%～62.81%；桶混1.5%倍达通后，1%苦参碱可溶液剂对燕麦蚜虫麦二叉蚜的防效、雾滴密度和覆盖率较未桶混倍达通时均有显著提高。研究表明，BY-125可用于配制苦参碱可溶液剂，其最佳用量为1%，桶混1.5%倍达通可显著提高苦参碱可溶液剂的润湿性能和沉积性能，本文优化了苦参碱可溶液剂在飞防中的喷雾性能和防治效果。     

冷季补饲对泌乳期藏羊母羊乳汁成分与代谢产物的影响

为了使用乳品快速分析仪和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对放牧与补饲条件下藏羊母羊乳成分和代谢产物进行差异分析，选取胎次一致、体重相近（43.85 kg±7.06 kg）且发育良好的3岁龄藏羊母羊440只，随机分成两组，即自然放牧（control group，CG），放牧+补饲0.25 kg·d^-1精料补充料（test group，TG）。试验期为60 d（配种后150～210 d）。试验结束时，从两组中各收集5只母羊的乳汁分析营养成分，同时检测其代谢产物。结果显示：（1）与CG组相比，TG组藏羊母羊的产奶量、脂肪、蛋白质、灰分及非脂固形物含量均有所提高，其中产奶量与脂肪含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。（2）两组共获得已注释显著性差异代谢物39种，其中24种上调，15种下调；结合KEGG通路分析，发现脂肪细胞脂解调节（regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte），含血清素神经突触（serotonergic synapse），醛固酮合成与分泌（aldosterone synthesis and secretion），FcεRI信号通路（Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway），不饱和脂肪酸生物合成（biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid），苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成（phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis）是最为显著性关键代谢通路，并筛选出花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid），二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid）和D-果糖-1-磷酸（D-fructose-1-phosphate）作为差异显著相关代谢物。综上，通过冷季补饲提高了泌乳期藏羊母羊乳汁品质，并能改善其代谢产物，这为今后绵羊母乳的研究与开发提供一定理论依据与技术支持。     

日粮精粗比对舍饲安格斯犏牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为探究不同精粗比日粮对短期舍饲育肥的安格斯犏牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响，本研究选取30头年龄(4月龄)和体重((114.97±28.33) kg)相近的安格斯×大通牦牛的健康安格斯犏牛，随机分为3个处理组，每个处理组10个重复，每个重复1头牛。各试验组日粮精粗比分别为30∶70(C30组)、45∶55(C45组)和60∶40(C60组),预饲期10 d,正饲期90 d。结果表明：1)与C30组安犏牛相比，试验全期C45和C60组平均日增重(ADG)和胸围均显著提高(P<0.05),而料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);试验1～30 d的C45和C60组干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P<0.05),而61～90 d显著提高(P<0.05);试验1～30 d的C45和C60组及61～90 d的C60组ADG显著提高(P<0.05);试验1～30 d和61～90 d的C45和C60组F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与C30组相比，C45组和C60组安犏牛的血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和游离脂肪酸等均显著提高(P<0.05)。综上...     

Effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium-methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation,and ruminal bacterial and fatty acid composition in Tan lambs北大核心CSCD

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium methionine(Cr-Met)supplementation on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid composition, and ruminal bacteria abundance in Tan lambs. Forty male Tan lambs [(21.00±1.23) kg body weight, 5 months of age] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 10 lambs in each treatment. The treatments were: a low-concentrate (LC) diet (concentrate:forage, 35:65) without Cr-Met supplementation; a high-concentrate (HC) diet (concentrate:forage, 55:45) without Cr-Met supplementation; groups fed the HC diet with 0.75 or 1.50 g·d-1·lamb-1 Cr-Met (HCM and HCH, respectively). Ruminal fluid was collected on day 65 with an oral stomach tube about 3 h after the morning feed and samples used for fermentation analysis, fatty acid composition determination and bacterial DNA extraction. It was found that: 1) Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate:propionate were greater (P<0.05) with the LC diet whereas microbial crude protein, propionate and valerate proportions were greater (P<0.05) with the HC diet. The acetate:propionate was greater (P<0.05) in the HCM group than in the HC group. 2) For the HC diet, the DNA abundances of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the LC diet, whereas the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica was increased (P<0.05). For lambs fed the HC diet, DNA abundances of B. fibrisolvens stearic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio VA, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and A. lipolytica showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level; However, the DNA abundance of R. flavefaciens showed a linear increase (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the LC group, the concentrations of t11 C18:1, trans C18:1, c9t11 CLA, t10c12 CLA, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 were decreased by the HC diet without Cr-Met supplementation whereas the concentration of C18:0 was increased. There was a linear increase in t11 C18:1 and trans C18:1 with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level in lambs fed the HC diet. The results suggest that the HC diet inhibited the growth of ruminal bacteria involved in the ruminal biohydrogenation process, and the addition of Cr-Met had a potentially positive effect on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesis in body tissue. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

论我国绿色饲料产业建设基本战略问题

我国饲料社会需求增长不可逆转，国内未来精饲料，秸秆饲料生产能力不足，国际饲料市场容量有限，决定了我国必须开辟新型饲料生产途径。绿色饲生产基础良好，生产技术和积累丰富等因素为我国绿色饲料产业大规模建设了充分必要条件。建设绿色饲料产业是未来我国农业建设的关键性内容。