不同精粗比日粮对青年母水牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出规律的影响

试验选取3头24月龄、体重相近的健康母水牛,采用随机区组试验设计,分别饲喂象草22.93kg+精料1.19kg/d(处理A)、象草18.63kg+精料2.07kg/d(处理B)和象草14.33kg+精料2.96kg/d(处理C)3种不同精粗组合的试验日粮。结果表明:随着精料水平的上升,营养物质的表观消化率呈递增趋势(P<0.05);粪氮和尿氮呈递减趋势(P<0.05);氮平衡和能量消化率明显增加(P<0.01);尿中PD的排出量显著升高(P<0.05);肌酸酐的排出量稳定在40mmol/d左右,各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

用紫花苕代替育肥肉牛精料中豆粕试验

用西本杂公牛10头、安本杂公牛11头,随机分成3组,进行了30 d对比饲养试验.结果表明,试验1组用紫花苕Vicia atyopurpurea代替肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕,杂交肉牛的平均日增重比对照组高243.8 g(P＜0.01),饲料风干物质报酬降低0.24 kg,增重的饲料成本降低0.15元/kg;试验2组用紫花苕草粉全部代替肉牛育肥精料中的豆粕,杂交肉牛平均日增重比对照组高43.3 g(P＞0.05),饲料利用率降低3%,增重消耗饲料成本提高0.05元/kg.从而认为,紫花苕草粉可以代替杂交肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕;但在杂交犊牛精料中应保证3%～5%的豆粕才能取得良好的生产效果.     

Autologous Platelet Concentrate as a Treatment for Horses with Refractory Fetlock Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal pathologies in horses and is a disease capable of halting their athletic career. Clinically, OA can be a difficult problem to deal with, particularly when there is no longer a positive response to corticosteroids or rest. In order to avoid further articular tissue degeneration, which could lead to the loss of the joint function, novel therapies are focusing not only on controlling inflammation and pain but also on tissue healing and repair. Autologous platelet concentrate (PC) growth factors are known to have anabolic and angiogenic properties and a positive effect on synovial epithelium, cartilage, and pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome of horses with OA treated with PC. Selected cases were treated only with PC, and they all belong to the same sport activity. We show here the method for PC preparation, follow-up evaluation, and outcome of 20 cases with refractory OA treated exclusively with autologous PC. After a 1-year follow-up, 80% of patients were able to resume work. According to our results and observations, PC can be used as a safe and low-cost intra-articular therapy for refractory OA in the horse.     

犏牛异地育肥精料配方筛选试验

[目的]为了推广犏牛异地育肥以及育肥过程中精料配方的合理筛选。[方法]选择体重,体况一致,年龄在2-3岁的实验犏牛30头,随机分为3组,每组10头,分别为实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。分别饲喂对应的1,2,3号饲料。通过试验数据的记录分析。[结果]表明：在同样的环境和饲喂条件下,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组增重高于试验Ⅰ组,分别为237g（P〈0.01）、295g（P〈0.01）,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组之间增重差异不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]从测定数据综合分析出在犏牛异地育肥精料配方筛选试验中增重、投入产出、经济效益Ⅲ组最高,因此大力发展犏牛异地育肥是提高农民增收的有效途径,精饲料配方技术简单易学,也是推动犏牛异地育肥的一项重要举措。     

Incorporation of potato protein concentrate in diets for rainbow trout: effect on feed intake, growth and feed utilization

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were composed to investigate the effects of incorporation of potato protein concentrate (PPC) in the diet of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on feeding rate, growth, feed utilization and body composition. The experimental diets contained 0, 22, 56, 89 and 111 g kg⁻¹ PPC, respectively. A 4-week trial was conducted at about 12°C. The results showed that with increased incorporation levels of PPC, feeding rate, growth and feed efficiency decreased significantly. Incorporation of PPC in the diets significantly decreased the dry matter content and fat content of fish body, while protein and ash contents increased.     

高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气机理的研究进展

生产中为了追求高产,反刍动物不可避免地需要饲喂高精料饲粮来满足其生产需要,而反刍动物饲喂高精料饲粮易诱发瘤胃胀气和瘤胃酸中毒,显著降低动物的生产性能,甚至还会导致动物死亡,给养殖业造成重大经济损失。早期研究认为瘤胃产气过多过快是高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气的主要原因,但随着科技的进步,越来越多的研究表明,瘤胃气体被泡沫包裹无法正常排放才是高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气的根本原因。瘤胃泡沫形成的确切机制还有待研究,来源于饲粮的、瘤胃微生物合成的以及瘤胃微生物酵解饲粮产生的蛋白质、多糖和羧酸盐可能充当了瘤胃泡沫的起泡剂或泡沫稳定剂。     

25%甲维· 虫酰肼悬浮剂配方的研制及田间药效试验

在室内生测验证具有明显增效的基础上,通过对湿润分散剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂进行筛选,确定了25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂的较佳配方,并对其稳定性和田间药效进行验证.验证实验结果表明,25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂的各项指标均能达到质量技术标准.田间药效试验结果表明,25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂以有效成分190～220g/hm2防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾,防效可达61.31％～83.81％,不低于1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油(2.0 g/hm2)、20％虫酰肼悬浮剂(280g/hm2)的防效,持效期达14 d.     

Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amaranthus cruentus</Emphasis> Flour and Its Protein Concentrate

Plants constitute an alternative source of proteins in the human diet, with advantages over animal proteins because of their low content of saturated fats and absence of cholesterol. Within the framework of a wider research project on the role of Amaranthus cruentus (Ac) in lipid metabolism, in this work the chemical composition and biological value of the Ac flour and its protein concentrate were compared. Proximate chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, some antinutrient factors, and biological values were determined for Ac seed flour and its protein concentrate obtained by extraction at pH 11 and precipitation at pH 4.5. The flour protein content was 16.6 g% while that of the concentrate was 52.56 g%. The content of the soluble dietary fiber with a hypolipemic function was notably higher in the protein concentrate (12.90 g%) than in the seed flour (4.29 g%). The protein concentrate also exhibited a higher content of insoluble dietary fiber. The Ac flour and the concentrate contain 75.44 and 56.95% unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Squalene, which affects the biosynthesis of cholesterol, was detected both in the flour and the concentrate oils, with a higher content in the concentrate (9.53%) as compared to the flour (6.23%). Comparison of the amino acid composition with the FAO pattern protein indicated that the concentrate does not have limiting amino acids, while the flour has leucine, threonine, and valine. The content of lysine was high in both the flour and the concentrate, making these products particularly useful as a complement for cereal flour, which is deficient in this amino acid. The biological quality analysis demonstrated an improvement in the quality of the concentrate. The presence of saponins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors in the concentrate, which favor the metabolism of lipids, suggests that consumption of the concentrate might reduce the risk of heart disease.     

Effects of the proportions of high or medium digestibility grass silage and concentrates in the diet of beef cattle on liveweight gain, carcass composition and fatty acid composition of muscle

Abstract An experiment was carried out over 2 years to evaluate the effects of increasing the proportion of cereal‐based concentrates in diets containing high‐digestibility and conventional medium‐digestibility grass silages on the dry‐matter (DM) intake, liveweight gain and carcass composition of beef cattle, and to examine the effects of grazed grass and the ratio of grass silage:concentrates in the diet on the fatty acid composition of selected muscle tissues. Late‐maturing steers (n = 231) were offered diets based on high‐digestibility (HD) (0·743 digestible organic matter (DOM) in DM) or medium‐digestibility (MD) (0·643 DOM in DM) grass silages supplemented with barley/soyabean meal‐based concentrates. The concentrates constituted 0·20, 0·40, 0·60 and 0·80 of total DM of the diets, which were offered ad libitum (AL). The two diets, which contained 0·80 concentrates, were also offered at 0·80 of AL intake. A further group of fourteen animals were given the medium‐digestibility silage only for 5 months and then grazed perennial ryegrass pastures for a further 5 months (silage/pasture treatment). For the diets containing HD silage and 0·20, 0·40, 0·60 and 0·80 concentrate, and 0·80 concentrate at 0·8 of AL intake, the DM intakes were 9·4, 10·2, 10·4, 10·2 and 8·1 (s.e. 0·16) kg d^?1, respectively, and daily carcass gains were 0·67, 0·78, 0·77, 0·79 and 0·62 (s.e. 0·029) kg d^?1, respectively; for those containing MD silage and 0·20, 0·40, 0·60 and 0·80 concentrate, and 0·80 concentrate at 0·8 of AL, the DM intakes were 8·2, 9·3, 10·1, 10·1 and 8·0 (s.e. 0·16) kg d^?1, respectively, and daily carcass gains were 0·38, 0·48, 0·64, 0·77 and 0·56 (s.e. 0·029) kg d^?1 respectively. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in silage‐based diets decreased the concentration of omega‐3 (ω‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0·001) and increased the concentration of ω‐6 PUFA (P < 0·001) in muscle. Cattle on the silage/pasture treatment had the highest concentration of ω‐3 PUFA in muscle (51 g kg^?1 lipid), this value being over three times that for animals given diets containing MD silage and 0·80 concentrate in the diet. These results demonstrate the potential of HD silage made from perennial ryegrass relative to high concentrate diets. The consumption of pasture‐finished beef could make a significant contribution towards increasing the intake of ω‐3 PUFA in the human diet.