25%甲维· 虫酰肼悬浮剂配方的研制及田间药效试验

在室内生测验证具有明显增效的基础上,通过对湿润分散剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂进行筛选,确定了25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂的较佳配方,并对其稳定性和田间药效进行验证.验证实验结果表明,25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂的各项指标均能达到质量技术标准.田间药效试验结果表明,25％甲维·虫酰肼悬浮剂以有效成分190～220g/hm2防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾,防效可达61.31％～83.81％,不低于1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油(2.0 g/hm2)、20％虫酰肼悬浮剂(280g/hm2)的防效,持效期达14 d.     

印楝素悬浮剂的制备及拒食活性测定

研究了阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配体系对印楝素悬浮剂悬浮率的影响,采用水基悬浮剂悬浮率、分散性、粘度、粒度等作为控制指标,确定了w=2%印楝素悬浮剂的最佳配方:表面活性剂(w=10%)为阴离子表面活性剂农乳500、木质素磺酸钙和非离子表面活性剂农乳600以质量比2∶ 1∶ 2复配;增稠剂为w=1%白炭黑;防冻剂为w=3%的乙二醇;抗泡剂为w=1%的硅酸;其余为去离子水.测定了w=2% 印楝素悬浮剂和w=0.3%印楝素乳油对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的拒食活性,结果表明,2种印楝素制剂对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性相当.     

日粮精粗比对荷斯坦青年公牛生长和肉质的影响

【目的】研究不同日粮精粗比对荷斯坦青年公牛生长和肉质的影响,为荷斯坦公牛育肥肉用提供理论依据。【方法】选择9头6月龄体质量相近的荷斯坦公牛,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组,分别饲喂m(精料)∶m(粗料)为4∶6,5∶5和6∶4的日粮,粗料为苜蓿干草+玉米青贮,试验期3个月。试验结束时试验牛只全部屠宰,每头奶公牛取新鲜背最长肌2 kg分装于冰盒带回,置于洁净保鲜袋中密封冷冻保存。对肉样肉质性状、水分、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和脂肪酸含量进行测定。【结果】(1)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组牛的9月龄体质量分别提高了13.40和17.00 kg,总增体质量分别提高了7.20和11.00 kg,平均日增体质量分别提高了0.07和0.10 kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。(2)Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组的嫩度低0.34、失水率低1.68%、系水力高2.79%、粗脂肪含量高0.66%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)Ⅲ组的饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但其不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量均显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。【结论】提高日粮精粗比可促进荷斯坦青年公牛的生长发育,改善牛肉的肉质性状。从营养学角度看,低精料处理组(Ⅰ)和中精料处理组(Ⅱ)的牛肉品质优于高精料处理组(Ⅲ)。     

精饲料补充料对生茸期梅花鹿营养物质消化率及产茸性能的影响

为探讨不同精饲料补充料对生茸期梅花鹿营养物质消化率的影响,选择健康、年龄一致、体重相近的141头生茸期公鹿,随机分成3组,每组分别为48,45,48头,饲喂3种不同组成的精料。日粮精粗比均为35∶65。结果表明:生茸期成年公鹿干物质、有机物质采食量、蛋白质、粗纤维消化率随日粮中蛋白水平的提高而提高,采用Ⅰ组试验日粮(粗蛋白含量20.05%的精饲料配方)时,采食量及营养物质的消化率最高;在试验设计范围内,日粮精饲料补充料水平对鹿茸产量无显著影响(P0.05)。     

40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂（FS）的研制

[目的]研制40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂。[方法]按拟定配方制备种子处理悬浮剂,对影响其质量的分散剂、成膜剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、消泡剂和染色剂进行筛选。在该基础上得到了最佳配方,并对按最佳配方制备的样品进行了质量测定。[结果]经初步筛选,分别添加2％MorwetIP与3％Morwet D-425、10％成膜剂B、5％乙二醇、0．2％黄原胶和0．3％硅酸铝镁、0．1％SAG-630、0．4％玫瑰精时,制备的样品效果较好。确定的最佳配方为20％福美双、20％萎锈灵、2％MorwetIP、3％Morwet D-425、0．2％黄原胶和0．3％硅酸铝镁、5％乙二醇、10％成膜B、0．4％玫瑰精、水补足100％,研磨时间为2．5h。该条件下制成的产品各指标均合格。[结论]确定了40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂的最佳配方。     

水稻纹枯病防治药剂配方筛选及其剂型的研制

以水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究比较了5种新型杀菌剂的室内毒力,并选用高效单剂进行复配研究,明确最佳配比;根据药剂理化性质选用流点法、黏度曲线法和正交试验设计法将混剂加工成对环境友好的水悬浮剂。结果表明:5种杀菌剂中对水稻纹枯病菌的毒力(有效中浓度,EC50)由高到低顺序为:嘧菌酯(0.005 19μg/ml)、已唑醇(0.025 20μg/ml)、戊唑醇(0.209 10μg/ml)、丙环唑(0.349 70μg/ml)、苯醚甲环唑(0.777 10μg/ml);毒力最高的嘧菌酯与己唑醇复配的最佳配比为1∶2(增效系数SR值为1.55);嘧菌酯.己唑醇悬浮剂的最优配方组成为:8.0%嘧菌酯、16.0%己唑醇、2.0%分散剂550s、2.0%农乳404#、0.125%黄原胶、1.5%硅酸镁铝。     

青鳞鱼浓缩鱼蛋白制取技术的研究

本研究以青鳞鱼为原料,以有机溶剂和柠檬酸的混合液为提取剂,采用索氏抽提法制取青鳞鱼浓缩鱼蛋白。实验结果表明：①青鳞鱼肉含蛋白质７７．０％、脂肪１５．１％、灰份７．２％,是一种丰富的蛋白质源;②含血合肉和脂肪较多的青鳞鱼肉可用于制造浓缩鱼蛋白,以７．５倍于４０目原料鱼肉的酸化乙醇提取时间４ｈ为工艺最佳条件。由此制得的青鳞鱼浓缩鱼蛋白的蛋白质含量为８９．６％,脂肪含量为０．０７％。     

大豆蛋白限制性酶解修饰与产品的溶解性和保水性变化

为改善大豆蛋白的功能性质,利用中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对大豆浓缩蛋白、分离蛋白进行限制性酶解处理,并考察相应产品的酶解修饰模式与溶解性、保水性变化的关系。以酶解修饰蛋白质产品的氮溶解指数、保水率、单分子层水含量为指标,测定水解度(Drgree of Hydrolysis,DH)为1%、2%的8种大豆蛋白酶解修饰产品的溶解性、保水性与水吸附作用。结果表明,限制性酶解修饰处理后,酶解修饰产品的溶解性、保水性、水吸附作用的变化与酶解模式或DH有关;大豆浓缩蛋白经胰蛋白酶修饰至DH为1%,可以显著提高修饰产品的溶解性和保水性;大豆分离蛋白经胰蛋白酶或中性蛋白酶修饰后,可改善溶解性但破坏其保水性;大豆浓缩蛋白、分离蛋白的限制性酶解修饰处理,可以提高修饰产品对水的吸附作用。     

The value of malt distillers' grains ensiled with molassed sugar beet pellets as a feed for dairy cows

In one experiment twenty‐four Holstein Friesian cows, average 43 d post‐partum, were used in a changeover design experiment to evaluate the replacement of a cereal‐based concentrate supplement (C) by an ensiled mixture (MGBP) of malt distillers’ grains and molassed sugar beet pellets. The cows were offered grass silage ad libitum [dry matter (DM) content 170 g kg^?1, crude protein (CP) concentration 160 g kg DM^?1, metabolizable energy (ME) concentration 10·9 MJ kg DM^?1] and either C or MGBP at one of three levels (3, 6, 9 kg DM d^?1). The composition of C and MGBP were DM content: 853 and 296 g kg^?1, CP concentration: 202 and 187 g kg DM^?1, ME concentration: 12·6 and 10·8 MJ kg DM^?1 respectively. The cows ate all the C supplement but the intakes of MGBP were 2·7, 4·9 and 6·4 kg DM d^?1 for the 3, 6 and 9 kg DM d^?1 levels of MGBP respectively. Total DM intakes (kg d^?1) were 12·5, 15·6, 18·2 for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C and 13·1, 14·4 and 15·9 (s.e., 0·90) for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP respectively. Milk yields (kg d^?1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 19·9, 23·2 and 24·2, respectively, and for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were, 20·3, 21·3 and 23·0 respectively (s.e., 1·05). Milk fat contents (g kg^?1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 42·8, 42·3, 43·5 respectively and for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were 39·5, 38·7 and 38·2 (s.e, 1·86), respectively, and milk protein contents (g kg^?1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 30·5, 30·6, 31·8, respectively, and for 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were 30·0, 30·8 and 31·2 (s.e., 0·66) respectively. Milk yield and milk protein contents were significantly higher for the higher levels of supplementary feeding but there was no difference between the types of supplement. The milk fat contents were significantly lower on the MGBP than C supplements. In a second experiment fifteen Holstein Friesian cows, average 126 d post‐partum, were used in a changeover experiment to evaluate the replacement of all (treatment M) or half (treatment MS) of the grass silage (S) in their diet by a mixture of MGBP and straw. All cows received 5·1 kg DM d^?1 of concentrate feed. Forage DM intakes were 8·3, 11·2 and 14·2 kg DM d^?1 for the S, MS and M treatments respectively. Milk yields (kg d^?1) for S, MS and M treatments were 17·0, 19·4 and 20·0 (s.e., 0·56) respectively. Corresponding contents of milk fat and protein (g kg^?1) were 42·0, 41·4, 38·6 (s.e., 0·37) and 33·8, 34·1, 34·2 (s.e., 0·42). Ensiled mixtures of malt distillers’ grains and molassed sugar beet pellets can be used to replace some of the conventional concentrates or grass silage for dairy cows giving moderate yields without a loss of production.     

Characterization of the FODMAP-profile in cereal-product ingredients

Cereal-based products, such as bread, are staple foods in the western diet. Due to the nature of their basic ingredients and the diversity of recipes, the amount of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in those products may be high. This study characterized the FODMAP-profiles of a broad range of cereal-product ingredients, serving as a basis for low FODMAP product development. Different cereals, pseudo-cereals, gluten-free flours, pulses, pulse protein ingredients, commercial sprouts, and other cereal-product ingredients were analyzed, using anion-exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Wheat and related cereals were high in fructans. Pulses, such as peas contained high galactooligosaccharides (GOS) amounts. Whereas GOS levels in pulse protein ingredients varied, depending on their production. Gluten-free flours, for instance, rice-flour, showed low FODMAP-profiles. Amongst those, buckwheat, which does not contain any of the FODMAPs investigated, contained high amounts of other soluble non-digestible carbohydrates, namely fagopyritols; these may have a similar effect on a sensitive gut as GOS. Finally, ingredients contained mainly high levels of fructans and GOS. Yet, the analysis of commonly consumed commercial cereal products, including bread, pasta, crackers and biscuits, highlighted the relevance of lactose, fructose in excess of glucose and polyols. These products serve as benchmarks for further product development.