Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value of the Liquid Fraction of Separated Livestock Slurries Applied to Potatoes and Silage Maize

Separation of livestock slurries followed by reverse osmosis yields mineral concentrates (MCs) in which almost all nitrogen (N) is ammonium (NH₄)-N. The ability of MCs to substitute calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), a common conventional mineral N fertilizer, was tested in two trials on a silty loam soil (ware potatoes, 2009 and 2010) and four trials on sandy soils (starch potatoes, 2009 and 2010; silage maize in 2010 and 2011). The N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of spring-injected MCs ranged from 72 to 84%, slightly less than their share of ammonium-N (90–100%). The fate of N that was apparently unavailable to crops was not fully disclosed, but there were indications that ammonia loss may have played a role.     

三江源区牦牛冷季补饲效果研究

两个月的试验结果表明,补饲精料对减少牦牛冷季掉膘有明显作用。8月龄牦牛补饲精料试验组比对照组少减重2.81kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。20月龄补饲精料牦牛试验组比对照组少重2.19kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过计算投产比得出,补饲精料是增加三江源区牦牛冷季营养供给,减少掉膘,提高生产效率的有效途径。     

食用醋精抑制亚硝酸盐产生的试验

亚硝酸盐中毒(Nitrite poisonig)是畜禽常发生的一种中毒病。用白菜等含硝酸盐较多的菜类作猪的饲料,因调制加工不合理,会产生大量的亚硝酸盐,喂后引起猪急性中毒,常来不急抢救而死亡,对养猪业危害较大。用食用醋精加入调制白菜的浸泡液中,使其pH值为4时,完全可抑制反硝化细菌的活动,基本上不会产生亚硝酸盐。这是因为醋酸是含有2个碳原子的有机酸,对反硝化细菌毒性大,使菌体内DNA和ATP受到破坏,细菌失去脱氮作用所致。用醋精作调制白菜的抑制剂,会起到预防畜禽亚硝盐中毒的作用。     

Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats

The effect of rolled canola seeds (RCS, 0% or 20% of the dry matter (DM) of the concentrate) combined with percentage of concentrate (45% (L) vs. 65% (H) of the diet DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, production parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat was studied in 20 entire goats and 12 goats fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula. Goats were fed TMR ad libitum for 15 weeks with the final 12 weeks as the test period. Individual milk samples were taken in weeks 5 and 11 to determine the FA profile of milk fat. Feeding the H diets increased NE_L intake, raw milk yield and yield of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding RCS increased fat corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate increased fat corrected milk and fat yield. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the H diets increased the proportion of short-chain FA (C4:0–C8:0), each isomer of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk at the expense of medium-chain FA with 11 to 17 C units. Feeding RCS decreased the proportion of medium-chain FA with 10 to 17 C units in milk and it increased that of C18:0, all isomers of trans-C18:1, c9-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2. Goats fed the H diets, and those fed the RCS had lower c9-C18:1/C18:0 and c9,t11-C18:2/t11-C18:1 ratios. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate produced the highest proportion of all isomers of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk, with the highest variability among the four diets for these FA. This was possibly related to between-goats differences in ruminal fermentation and to individual difference in desaturase activity in the mammary gland. It is concluded that feeding a high-concentrate diet combined with rolled canola seeds had a synergistic effect on the milk production and fat yield without alteration in milk protein content in dairy goats. This combination also resulted in changes in FA profile that may differently affect the nutritional value of goat milk for human health.     

30%辛脲乳油防治梨小食心虫试验初报

我区 7～ 9月为梨小食心虫危害苹果梨严重时期 ,用 10 0 0倍液、150 0倍液、2 0 0 0倍液、250 0倍液的 30 %辛脲乳油稀释液进行试验 ,并以 2 0 %杀灭菊酯 4 0 0 0倍液对照 ,清水作为空白对照。结果表明 ,与杀灭菊酯相比 ,30 %辛脲乳油的 150 0～ 2 0 0 0倍液速杀性好 ,见效快 ,持效期长 ,无污染。     

刺槐叶蛋白提取工艺条件的初步研究

对配合使用酸法、碱法以及加热法提取刺槐叶蛋白的工艺及其工艺条件进行了研究．结果表明，刺槐叶蛋白的提取条件为：常温下料液比为１∶５，ｐＨ值为７；刺槐叶蛋白的分离条件为：温度为６０℃时，沉淀分离得到叶绿体蛋白，调节ｐＨ值为１０时分离出细胞质叶蛋白Ｉ，调节ｐＨ值为２时分离出细胞质叶蛋白质Ｉ；刺槐叶蛋白产品的干燥条件为：５０～７０℃条件下真空干燥．采用此工艺提取刺槐叶蛋白得率为４．７％，提取物中蛋白质含量为５０％～８０％，原料总氮提取率为７５．９％．     

三种热雾剂对橡胶树炭疽病大田防治试验

田间试验比较10%百菌清、20%氟硅唑·咪鲜胺、16%百菌清·咪鲜胺·三唑酮三种热雾剂对大田橡胶树炭疽病的防治试验结果,其中前两种处理防效(相对防效68.14%和66.31%)显著优于16%百菌清·咪鲜胺·三唑酮和对照处理。     

小型饲料搅拌机和平模颗粒机组合使用制备颗粒饲料的工艺研究

[目的] 研究JB-300型精饲料搅拌机和300型平模颗粒机组合使用制备牛羊精补料颗粒饲料的最佳工艺参数。[方法] 测定不同搅拌时间、装载系数对饲料混合均匀度的影响;确定搅拌混合工艺参数的基础上,测定不同玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量对颗粒饲料成型率的影响。以模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度和水分含量为测定因素,以成型率和硬度的综合加权评分值为指标,确定制备颗粒饲料的最优组合参数。[结果] 搅拌时间为10 min、20 min的变异系数均显著（P<0.05）低于搅拌5 min和15 min。装载系数为80%时,变异系数显著（P<0.05）低于装载系数为70%和60%。玉米粉碎粒度为2 mm和4 mm时,颗粒饲料成型率显著（P<0.05）高于玉米粉碎粒度为6 mm和8 mm。水分含量为10%和13%时,颗粒饲料成型率显著（P<0.05）高于水分含量为16%和19%。影响正交试验综合加权平均分值的模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量的极差分别为18.76、1.64和3.47。[结论] JB—300型精饲料搅拌机混合饲料最佳参数：装载系数为80%、搅拌时间为10 min;300型平模颗粒机制作精补料颗粒饲料最佳参数：模孔直径为4 mm（压缩比为6）、玉米粉碎粒度为4 mm、水分含量为13%。     

EMDI-UF混合胶刨花板制造工艺条件的研究

介绍了东北林业大学人造板研究所在降低人造板游离甲醛释放量的研究成果,利用可乳化异氰酸酯(EMDI)与脲醛树脂(UF)混合胶制造刨花板,使产品达到E1级标准要求。研究结果表明:混合胶的施胶量为7％,采用6％的UF和1％的EMDI是比较适合的比例。将它们混合到一起,不加酸性固化剂,搅拌均匀后喷洒到刨花上,比较适宜的板坯含水率不应超过14％,在175℃下热压4.5min,所粘结的刨花板各项性能都符合GB4897—92—等品和E1级板标准的要求。与UF胶刨花板相比,混合胶刨花板的耐水性得到明显改善,甲醛释放量可降低到7.88mg/100g板。     

Replacement of fishmeal by canola protein concentrate in diets fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

A dephytinized protein concentrate prepared from canola seed (CPC) was assessed for nutrient digestibility and performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The apparent digestibility coefficients of CPC were: dry matter, 817 g kg^?1; crude protein, 899 g kg^?1; gross energy, 861 g kg^?1; arginine, 945 g kg^?1; lysine, 935 g kg^?1; methionine, 954 g kg^?1; threonine, 893 g kg^?1. A 9‐week performance trial assessed 7 diets. Fishmeal provided 940 g kg^?1 of the protein in the control diet. Test diets consisted of CPC or water‐washed CPC replacing 500 and 750 g kg^?1 of fishmeal protein; and CPC plus an attractant replacing 500 and 750 g kg^?1 of fishmeal protein. No significant differences in performance were observed (P > 0.05). A subsequent 9‐week performance trial evaluated the effect of adding CPC into compound diets containing fishmeal/soybean meal/corn gluten meal. Five diets were prepared: fishmeal provided 670 g kg^?1 of the protein in the control diet, in the remaining diets CPC was incorporated into commercial‐like trout diets at 100, 200 and 300 g kg^?1 replacement of fishmeal protein, the fifth diet included an attractant in the 300 g kg^?1 replacement diet. No significant differences in performance were obtained (P > 0.05). These studies show that dephytinized canola protein concentrate has potential to replace substantial levels of fishmeal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance.