水流作用下一种养殖金属网衣水阻力特性的数值模拟研究

为保障深远海金属网箱养殖系统的结构安全,进行网箱结构的水动力学研究是一项重要的工作。构成金属网箱主要组成部分的金属网衣是一种小直径多孔的网状结构,在波浪和水流作用下的水动力学特性与一般的海洋工程结构物有显著不同。本文基于有限元基本原理,采用梁单元模拟金属网线结构,采用连接单元模拟网线接触部位的相互作用,并运用ABAQUS软件进行数值计算,在试验验证的基础上,分析了在水流作用下一种金属菱形链网衣在不同网目尺寸、不同网线直径情况下的水阻力变化情况。数值模拟结果表明在各种工况下,当网目尺寸由25 mm增加到35 mm、45 mm时,网衣受力增加幅度的平均值分别为14.71%和38.07%;当网线直径由2.5 mm增加到3.2 mm、4.0 mm时,各工况下网衣受力增加幅度的平均值分别为25.05%和45.06%。研究结果可以为进一步开展深海养殖金属网箱水动力特性研究提供积极的基础。     

铜对鲤鱼损害的电镜X射线显微分析

用电镜X射线显微分析法,研究铜在鲤（Cyprinus carpio）肝细胞和肾细胞中的分布和相对含量,从细胞水平探讨鲤的铜中毒机理。结果表明,铜进入鲤体内后,在肝细胞、肾细胞的溶酶体中分布最多,溶酶体旁、细胞核次之,细胞质内最少,中毒组与正常组差异显著。鲤中毒后肝细胞核膜扩张、线粒体呈空泡状,溶酶体数量增多、体积增大;肾小管上皮细胞核膜扩张,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂。     

农田耕整载荷六维力传感器结构优化与解耦研究

针对农田耕整载荷大、测量精度低等问题,在经典十字梁结构基础上,设计了一种辐梁式六维力传感器,可同时测量力和力矩,通过仿真方法对传感器结构进行了优化,确定了应变梁长、宽、高分别为9、10、6mm;分析了传感器结构在载荷下的应变能力,确定了应变片贴片位置。对传感器开展了静态标定试验,基于标定数据采用改进型XGBoost(Extreme gradient boosting)机器学习网络对力信号进行解耦,并与常规网络进行比对。试验结果表明,改进型XGBoost模型在X、Y、Z方向力和力矩6种加载方式的测试集决定系数R2P分别达到0.9804、0.9418、0.9434、0.9868、0.9969、0.9822,预测效果较好,避免了陷入局部最优解。改进型XGBoost模型在六维加载力、力矩的R2P、测试集平均绝对误差（MAEP）均明显优于随机森林模型、传统多元线性回归,相较于传统多元线性回归方式,六维加载力、力矩的R2P分别提升22.57%、20.99%、23.32%、26.27%、26.05%、18.72%。基于机器学习的解耦算法可明显减少耦合误差的影响,提高传感器的测量精度, 为农机优化提供了技术支撑。     

Utilization of electron beam irradiated Jatropha kernel meal in the diet of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings

Defatted Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was irradiated through electron beam radiation at 25 kGy (IJKM). After irradiation, PEs and phytate were decreased by 36.67% and 55.27%, respectively, with slight reduction in total hydrolysed amino acids in IJKM. A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the utilization of irradiated Jatropha kernel meal (IJKM) in the diet of rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg CP) and isoenergetic (15 MJ/kg GE) diets such as T0 (control, without IJKM), T5 (50 g/kg IJKM), T10 (100 g/kg IJKM), T15 (150 g/kg IJKM) and T20 (200 g/kg IJKM) were prepared and fed to fish of respective treatments. Fish fed diets containing T15 and T20 groups exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain, FCE, PER, ANPU, HSI, ISI, survival rate, nutrient and energy digestibility, than the other groups. Fish of higher IJKM fed groups (T15 and T20) also showed lower muscle moisture, protein, ash and higher muscle lipid content. The liver catalase and SOD activities significantly decreased in the higher IJKM fed groups. It is concluded that IJKM (irradiated by 25 kGy electron beam) can be incorporated up to 100 g/kg in carp feed with the replacement of 33% soybean meal and 28% ground nut oil cake without compromising growth performances of Labeo rohita.     

离子束诱变双胚苗水稻的谷粒性状及相关分析

为了挖掘无融合生殖种质并提供参考资料给一系法杂交水稻的选育,以离子束诱变所得同源四倍体双胚苗突变水稻品系、近亲系和介导后代为研究材料,对其农艺性状、谷粒性状、谷粒性状间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,与四倍体双胚苗品系相比,二倍体双胚苗品系的株型小、主穗颖花数多、谷粒小、谷粒容重高、谷粒容重对单粒重贡献最大;披碱草介导品系的株型大、主穗颖花数多、谷粒大、谷粒容重高、单粒质量高、谷粒体积对单粒重贡献最大;原始亲本在各项指标参数中都差异不明显。     

电子束检疫辐照处理对我国红富士苹果品质的影响

为探索电子束辐照在我国红富士苹果检疫处理中的应用可行性,本文研究了不同剂量的电子束辐照对我国红富士苹果色泽、硬度、失水率、可溶性固形物、酸度、还原型维生素C、蛋白质、脂肪以及氨基酸等营养品质的影响。结果表明,1 155 Gy及以上剂量的电子束辐照可导致苹果硬度显著下降;随着储存时间的延长,330 Gy剂量以上辐照组苹果的还原型维生素C含量明显高于对照组;低于1 650 Gy电子束辐照18 d后对红富士苹果的色泽、失水率、可溶性固形物、酸度、蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸等品质没有影响。因此,本研究认为低于990 Gy的电子束辐照处理红富士苹果是可行的。     

Effect of citral,eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol on the ultrastructural changes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The antifungal effects of citral, eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol on Trichophyton mentagrophytes were investigated. Citral over 0.1 mg/ml strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of T. mentagrophytes, and the antifungal activity of α-terpineol was less effective. The morphological changes of the fungus exposed to the terpenes were observed by electron microscopy. The hyphae were distorted and collapsed at 0.2, 0.4 and 1 mg/ml of eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol respectively, and cell membrane and organelles were irreversibly damaged at 0.2 mg/ml citral.     

Experimental Analysis for Steel Box Concrete Composite Beam of Arch Bridge

A new steel concrete composite structure was proposed which composed of steel box beam, PC beam and PBH Shear connection. Bend test was carried out for the performance study of deformation and stress. It was found that Material advantages of steel and concrete were fully used and crack of concrete and local instability of steel box were avoided. And the deformation between steel box and concrete can be smoothed with PBH shear connection. As the calculated values showed good agreements with the test results, the proposed formulas can be reliably applied to the practice analysis. With the different parameters analysis, mechanic performance of the composite was obtained.     

The Effect of Slabs on the Failure Mode of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

A majority of reinforced concrete frame structure failure patterns resulting from the May 12, 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan County, P. R. China were analyzed. It was found that the main failure mode of frame works was “strong beam, weak column”, which conflicts with the design criteria of “strong column, weak beam”. The cause of this failure pattern was analyzed. A new concept is put forward that should be considered in design work. The over strength caused by slabs connected monolithically to the beams is analyzed. The joint types, transverse beam stiffness and lateral drift influence the reinforcing effect of the sla, Moreover, a reinforced concrete frame model was simulated using the program ABAQUS. The slab reinforcement stress distributions at different lateral drifts were analyzed and the effective flange width value proposed.     

Discussion on Calculation Pattern of Concrete Filled Steel Tube with Dumbbell shaped Section

Based on the structural feature of dumbbell shaped section of concrete filled steel tube (CFST), a combined spatial beam element is presented. In this structure, two steel tubes, two core concretes, one web and the concrete in web cavity are firstly considered as general spatial beam elements, then they are assembled into a spatial combined beam element according to the plane hypothesis and transformation matrix formed from master and slave nodes. A FORTRAN program for CFST arch with dumbbell shaped section has been developed, and the numerical example shows that the steel tubes and core concretes bear mainly the axial forces with small moments, thus, a modified formula for lattice column method to calculate axial forces of the upper and lower limbs of CFST with dumbbell shaped section is deduced. Comparison of the results from the modified formula with those from an example indicates that the modified formula gives relatively accurate results. 