Coxofemoral joint radiography in standing cattle

The objective of this study was to establish a technique for radiographic examination of the coxofemoral joint and adjacent bony structures in standing cattle. Left (or right) 30° dorsal-right (or left) ventral radiographic views of the coxofemoral joint region of standing cattle (n = 10) with hind limb lameness were evaluated retrospectively. In addition, an experimental study of oblique laterolateral views of the coxofemoral joint region of a bovine skeleton at angles of 15-45° was carried out to determine the optimal position for visualization of the hip region. In the 10 clinical patients, the bodies of the ilium and ischium, the acetabulum and proximal third of the femur could be assessed. Six of these cattle had fractures of the body of the ilium and body of the ischium, five with and one without involvement of the acetabulum, two had craniodorsal and one caudoventral luxation of the femur and one had a femoral neck fracture. The described laterodorsal-lateroventral radiographs of the hip region in standing cattle were suitable for assessing the coxofemoral joint, the proximal aspect of the femur and parts of the ischium, ilium and pubis. After testing the optimal angle on the skeleton, it was seen that distortion and superimposition were minimized by positioning the X-ray beam at an angle of 25° to the horizontal plane. It can be concluded that the described technique improves the evaluation of injuries of the coxofemoral region in cattle. With the appropriate angle, the technique can also be applied in recumbent cattle.     

梁格法分析变宽斜预应力混凝土箱梁桥

变宽斜箱梁桥在公路、城市互通立交中应用广泛,其构造和力学特点与直线桥梁有很大区别,在运用程序建模分析中选择合适的方法对分析结果的精确度有着较大的影响。本文通过对某斜桥进行梁格法建模分析,介绍了梁格模型在变宽斜箱梁桥中的应用。     

Effect of lamellas annual-ring orientation on cracking of glulam beams investigated with computer tomography and image processing

Abstract

Cracks in glulam beams can reduce their strength, depending on the crack's depth, length, and location and can also be a passage for the accumulation of water and dirt. To avoid cracks, the relationship between cracks (area of cracks, mm²) and annual-ring orientation in glulam beams of spruce (Picea abies), and pine (Pinus sylvestris) with different dimensions and surface treatments was investigated using RGB images of the surface and tomography images of the cross-sections. Image processing was used to measure characteristics visible in the photos such as crack area and lamella position in the beam. Combination of lamellas in lay up was measured from computer tomography images. Four types of combinations were defined; type 1 (pith side facing outward), types 2 and 3 (pith to the same side), and type 4 (pith sides meet pith side). It was found that the area close to the glue line in the lamellas in combination type 4 is the most subject to cracking, whereas combinations of type 1 show the highest resistance to cracking. This means that type 4 should not be used in glulam beams, because the lamellas shrink apart from each other causing stresses and resulting cracks.     

竹-短木组合梁受弯性能试验研究

为解决木材利用率低、成本高的问题,提出了一种以零碎短木粘结竹集成而成的竹-短木组合梁。通过3根木梁、3根直拼的竹-短木组合梁(SBT)和3根搭接的竹-实木组合梁(OBT)的三分点加载受弯对比试验,研究了其破坏形态、极限承载力和位移延性等。结果表明:竹-短木组合梁破坏类型为脆性破坏;竹-短木组合梁跨中截面沿高度应变仍基本符合平截面假定;OBT试件受弯承载力平均提高1.6%,力学性能媲美木梁;最后提出了受弯承载力计算简式,与试验结果较为吻合。竹-短木组合梁替代木梁,在小跨度木结构工程中具有应用价值。     

低能氮离子注入桔梗种子的生物学效应研究

为研究低能氮离子(N⁺)注入对桔梗种子的生物学效应,以不同氮离子注入能量(25 KeV和35 KeV)和剂量[0(CK)、2×10¹⁶、4×10¹⁶、6×10¹⁶、8×10¹⁶、10×10¹⁶、12×10¹⁶N⁺·cm^-2]对桔梗种子进行处理,通过测定M₀存活率探索最佳处理条件,并对桔梗进行形态学性状观察,筛选优异突变株,进一步通过ISSR分子标记分析桔梗突变体突变位点。结果表明,能量为25 KeV,剂量为12×10¹⁶ N⁺·cm^-2时,桔梗存活率最高,为77.0%。突变株的花形、花萼结构、花期和株高均发生了变化,主要表现为花萼向类似花瓣结构变化、花期延迟、植株变矮等;突变株的ISSR分析结果显示,20对引物共扩增出250个位点,其中多态性位点共87个,多态率为34.80%,平均每对引物可扩增出4.35条多态性片段。本研究结果为桔梗N⁺注入诱变育种提供了一定的理论参考。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Achromobacter insolitus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zoogloea ramigera</Emphasis> associated with wheat plants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>)

This study reports for the first time the presence of diazotrophic bacteria belonging to the genera Achromobacter and Zoogloea associated with wheat plants. These bacterial strains were identified by the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. The bacterium IAC-AT-8 was identified as Azospirillum brasiliense, whereas isolates IAC-HT-11 and IAC-HT-12 were identified as Achromobacter insolitus and Zoogloea ramigera, respectively. A greenhouse experiment involving a non-sterilized soil was carried out with the aim to study the endophytic feature of these strains. After 40 days from inoculation, all the strains were in the inner of roots, but they were not detected in soil. In order to assess the location inside wheat plants, an experiment was conducted under axenic conditions. Fifteen days after inoculation, preparations of inoculated plants were observed by the scanning electron microscope, using the cryofracture technique, and by the transmission electron microscope. It was observed that all isolates were present on the external part of the roots and in the inner part at the elongation region, in cortex cells, but not in the endodermis or in the vascular bundle region. No colonizing bacterial cells were observed in wheat leaves.     

氮离子束注入诱变筛选万隆霉素高产菌株的研究

为获得万隆霉素高产菌株,用氮离子束注入万隆霉素产生菌进行诱变处理,并用链霉素抗性筛选法和抑菌圈筛选法进行突变株的筛选。结果表明:通过能量为20keV、剂量为90×2.6×1013N+/cm2的氮离子束注入处理万隆霉素产生菌的分生孢子,筛选出万隆霉素高产菌株WN939,其摇瓶发酵产素水平较出发菌株提高了82.10%。经5代传代培养,其产素水平稳定。     

Suggestion for Moment Modulation of Prestressed Concrete Continuous Beams

Based on the information from China and overseas,a design suggestion for moment modulation of post-tensioned prestressed concrete continuous beams with bond has been put forth in this paper. The result calculated by the suggestion is consistent with the result of varying rigidity method.     

A Study on the Test Method of Post-tensioned Prestressed Concrete Continuous Beam

A test method of post-tensioned prestressed concrete continuous beam is presented in this paper.In the test,the prestressed secondary moment is established by adjusting middle support height.The prestressed concrete continuous beam built by the method is equivalent to the beam in practice.     

Seismic Load Tests on Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Sandwich Joints with High Shear Stress

Seven reinforced concrete Beam-Column sandwich joint specimens were tested under cyclic load. The performances of these specimens consisting of loads resistance, deflection, ductility, displacement, energy dissipation could satisfy the requirement of structures for seismic design. The phenomena that concrete in joint region was crushed by axial load or eccentric load were never observed,and final failure for a multitude of specimens occurred by shear force. Though a few of performances such as beam bar anchorage capacity were not as well as those of traditional joints ,it is feasible for sandwich joints used while establishing structures.