桑蚕卵电晕人工孵化技术研究：V.电晕处理蚕种的农村饲育

通过１９９４～１９９６年电晕处理蚕种的农村饲养，得到以下几点认识，在保证卵面消毒和排除孵化不齐因素情况下，电晕蚕种与浸酸蚕种的产量质量无显著差异，专供农用的大板电晕仪存在放电不匀，孵经不齐和孵化率欠高的问题，有待改进，电晕处理蚕种还须进行卵消毒。     

马尾松种源对磷肥的遗传反应及根际土壤营养差异

利用5a生马尾松种源与磷肥互作试验林，研究不同种源对磷肥的遗传反应式样以及在低(缺)磷环境下的根际营养差异。结果发现，广东高州和广西岑溪两种源对磷肥的反应显著，属于对磷肥敏感型种源。广东信宜和福建武平两种源对磷肥反应不敏感，属于耐低磷型或对磷肥不敏感型种源，而江西崇义种源显著的磷肥效应仅在造林后头2～3年显示。对于根际土的的化学性质，不同种源虽有较大差异，但根际土的有机质、全氮、水解氮和有效磷含量一般显著高于非根际土。不同种源根际对土壤中的磷都具有活化作用和富集作用，尤其是广东信宜和福建武平两种源对土壤磷的活化和富集作用最为强烈，这可初步解释这两个种源对磷肥不敏感、能适应低(缺)磷胁迫的遗传机制。马尾松不同种源根际土壤并未发生明显的酸化。     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

稳定表达山羊SLAM受体的BHK-21细胞系的建立及应用

信号淋巴激活分子(SLAM)又称为CD150,是小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)和犬瘟热病毒(CDV)等麻疹病毒属病毒感染淋巴细胞的主要受体,在病毒侵入细胞中发挥重要作用。为建立稳定表达山羊SLAM(g SLAM)的真核细胞系,本研究将人工合成的g SLAM基因克隆至真核表达质粒p IRESpuro3中,并在该基因的3'端引入Flag标签序列作为分子标记,构建了重组质粒p IRES3-g SLAM。将该重组质粒转染BHK-21细胞,经嘌呤霉素加压筛选及采用表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组PPRV病毒(r PPRV/GFP)感染鉴定后,筛选到稳定表达g SLAM基因的细胞系。r PPRV/GFP感染和western blot鉴定表明,无论是否有嘌呤霉素压力的存在,该细胞系在传代至第20代,仍能稳定表达g SLAM蛋白。由于g SLAM氨基酸序列与犬的同源性较高,以表达GFP重组CDV强毒株(r CDV/GFP)感染该细胞系,病毒可以感染且能形成明显的细胞病变,表明该细胞系可用于CDV强毒分离和致弱机制等相关研究。     

No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.     

规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂使用意愿与行为研究——基于TPB-NAM整合模型

饲料添加剂具有提高动物免疫功能、促进动物健康生长等诸多优势。然而,滥用饲料添加剂已经对动物、人类健康和环境构成了严重的威胁,规范使用饲料添加剂是养殖户亲环境生产行为的重要表现。基于计划行为理论(TPB)和规范激活理论(NAM)的整合框架,利用江西省、湖北省和云南省水禽养殖户微观调查数据,采用结构方程模型,从个体理性和社会理性两个维度,分析在规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂的使用意愿与行为。结果表明,受访者表现出较高的规范使用饲料添加剂意愿,均值为3.764,但实际行为偏低,均值为3.216。态度、主观规范和感知行为控制均对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂意愿产生显著正向影响,但影响效应依次减弱;结果意识正向影响责任归属,而责任归属和感知收益共同激活个人规范。意愿与个人规范对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂行为均具有显著正向影响,且意愿的影响更大,但意愿与行为之间存在悖离现象。据此,提出应采取措施提升水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂的积极态度,强化水禽养殖户在生产过程中所承担的环境责任,营造规范使用饲料添加剂氛围,加大政策支持和补贴力度,加强监管与督察力度等政策建议。     

The Ionic and Osmotic Factors Controlling Motility of Fish Spermatozoa

This review presents actual knowledge about energetic, ionic, osmotic and gaseous control of fish sperm motility and its duration. Right after they are activated, fish spermatozoa of most species swim for a short period of time, in the range of one to several minutes. What determines the activation process? Is it due to the new ionic, gaseous and/or osmotic environment? Why is the duration of motility so short? Is it resulting from a fast exhaustion of energy stores (ATP, ADP, AMP, PCr) combined with the above-mentioned ionic/osmotic stress leading to morphological alterations? The motility criteria (flagellar beat frequency, head displacement velocity, flagellar waves morphology, etc.) used to characterize fish sperm movement and sperm flagella will be described. Most parameters change very rapidly during the brief motility period of fish sperm. Then will be considered the main environmental factors, ionic and/or osmotic signals, responsible of the activation of fish sperm motility. Then the metabolic compounds involved in cell energetics will be considered as their concentrations also rapidly change during the motility phase. An additional feature will then be discussed concerning the mechanisms by which fish sperm cell can be revived for a second motility round at the end of the first motility period. A model is proposed to explain how external osmolarity can control internal ionic composition, the latter being the key factor controlling flagellar activity.     

KOH活化木材苯酚液化物炭纤维的制备与孔结构分析

为了考察碱／炭比、炭化温度以及活化温度对活性炭纤维孔结构的影响,以木粉为原料经液化、纺丝、固化、炭化及KOH活化工艺过程制备了木材苯酚液化物活性炭纤维;采用正交实验方法优化了活性炭纤维制备工艺。结果表明：诸因素中的显著性依次为活化温度〉炭化温度〉碱／炭比;优化组活性炭纤维的比表面积为1546m^2／g;400℃炭化温度下制备的活性炭纤维具有较高的中孔比率。     

孵育和激活剂作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎早期发育的影响

探讨了电融合前对重构卵继续孵育及激活剂6-DMAP不同作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果显示,重构卵在成熟液中继续培养后,9~10 h组的融合后卵子死亡率(27.42%)显著低于30 min和90 min组(49.26%和56.3%)(P0.05),胚胎卵裂率(68.15%)则显著高于30 min和90 min组(55.6%和54.24%)(P0.05);重构卵用离子霉素激活后,再用6-DMAP激活0 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h及8~10 h,各组间的胚胎卵裂率均无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于未用6-DMAP组的卵裂率(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,电融合前,继续成熟培养重构卵有利于降低电融合时的卵子死亡率,提高卵子利用率;联合使用离子霉素和6-DMAP有利于提高激活效果,而6-DMAP的作用时间(2~10 h)不影响核移植胚胎的卵裂。