Study on Melting Rate of Pre reducted Pellet in Smelting Reduction Reactor

The successive approaching and rapid cooling method is applied to determine the terminal point of melting,the melting rate of pre reducted pellet is carefully measured.Various factors influencing melting rate are studied via orthogonal experiment,and the influences of main factors are carefully studied via the single factor experiment.The apparent activation energy is expounded and calculated.     

广州荔湾区大沙河滨水空间景观改造

随着广州城市的快速发展,作为岭南人居环境重要载体的城市河涌滨水空间,面临着往更生态、更优质的生活空间活化的挑战。广州市荔湾区大沙河滨水空间改造,以碧道建设为契机,突出“以人民为中心”的要求,紧扣时代性、地域性、普适性和经济性,制定系统的改造策略和方案,抓住地域特色的营建,因势利导优化空间结构,因地置景,以“绣花功夫”精准活化水岸空间,使大沙河成为独具荔湾特色的绿色新地标。     

Delay of the egg activation process in the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon by manipulation of magnesium levels in spawning water

The aim of this study was to determine whether magnesium (Mg²⁺) in seawater is required for egg activation of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and whether manipulation of Mg²⁺ levels can be used to delay the process and thereby synchronize egg activation. Female P. monodon broodstock were allowed to spawn in artificial seawater containing Mg²⁺ at varying levels with respect to the normal (100%) level: 100%, 50%, 20% and 0%. Egg activation occurred normally at 100% Mg²⁺, incompletely at 50% and 20% Mg²⁺ levels and did not occur at all with 0% Mg²⁺. The fertilization rate with 100% Mg²⁺ was observed to be 83%, but fertilization failed to take place in all the other groups. The fertilization rate was restored from 0% to 76% following the 20% Mg²⁺ level treatment when Mg²⁺ levels returned to normal (100%) as soon as spawning was completed. This study suggests that the level of Mg²⁺ in seawater plays a vital role in P. monodon egg activation, and that commencement of this process could be delayed by manipulation of the Mg²⁺ level during and immediately after spawning.     

鲢、狭鳕鱼糜微波加热凝胶形成的动力学分析

以鲢（Hypophthalmichthys mollitrix）和狭鳕（Theragra chalcogramma）鱼糜为对象,在微波、水浴两种加热条件下,对鱼糜及鱼糜大豆蛋白复合素材试样的凝胶特性——破断力值加以测定,进而考察不同加热方式下两种鱼糜的凝胶形成速度以及微波加热所需的活化能,并对试样能量吸收值进行了比较。结果表明：（1）鲢、狭鳕鱼糜微波加热凝胶形成速度比传统水浴加热高两个数量级,不同鱼种的鱼麋微波加热凝胶形成速度有一定的差异性（P〉0．05）。（2）微波加热下,欲达到相同的破断力值,鲢需要高于狭鳕1倍的活化能,两者对应的复合素材的活化能均小于相应的单一鱼糜试样。（3）与水浴加热相比,在能量吸收值相同的情况下,微波加热试样能达到更高凝胶破断力值。     

不同肥料配施对酸性土钙素活化及花生产量和品质的影响

为了揭示增施钙肥和不同肥料配施对沿海地区酸性土钙素增量及活化效应,于2015—2016年设置单施无机肥(CK_1)、无机肥/熟石灰配施(T_1)、无机肥—有机肥配施(CK_2)、无机肥—有机肥—熟石灰配施(T_2)、无机肥—有机肥—微生物肥配施(CK_3)、无机肥—有机肥—微生物肥—熟石灰配施(T_3)6个处理,研究了不同肥料配施对酸性土有效钙含量、花生植株性状、荚果产量和籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:CK_2和CK_3均在一定程度上提高酸性土中水溶性钙和交换性钙含量,0—20cm水溶性钙含量各生育期平均分别比CK_1提高48.13%和66.50%,交换性钙含量分别提高39.12%和60.88%。增施钙肥处理(T_1、T_2和T_3)能显著增加水溶性钙和交换性钙含量,但_T1处理对有效钙含量增加较少,而T_2和T_3处理增加幅度较大,其中T_3处理0—20cm水溶性钙和交换性钙含量各生育期平均比CK_3提高1.63,1.74倍,说明钙肥与有机肥和微生物肥配施能显著提高酸性土钙素活化度。不同肥料配施均提高了酸性土花生的主茎高、分枝数、主茎绿叶数、单株干物质重、叶面积指数和实收株数,增加了单株结果数和荚果饱满度,显著提高了荚果产量,并提高了蛋白质、总氨基酸和脂肪含量以及O/L值。其中T_3处理分别比CK_3、T_2、CK_2、T_1和CK_1增产14.38%,4.99%,18.31%,25.65%和52.52%,增产幅度最大,其籽仁品质也最优。增施钙肥并与有机肥和微生物肥配施能显著提高酸性土钙素活化度、有效钙含量、荚果产量和籽仁品质。     

长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应

【目的】分析长期不同施肥下土壤有效磷含量、全磷含量、土壤磷素盈亏和磷素活化效率（PAC）的动态变化,探讨不同施肥下水稻土磷素演变特征及与磷平衡的响应关系。【方法】基于1982年开始的红壤性水稻土长期不同施肥定位试验,试验包括不施肥（CK）、有机肥（牛粪,M）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）、氮磷钾肥＋有机肥（NPKM）、氮磷肥＋有机肥（NPM）、氮钾肥＋有机肥（NKM）和磷钾肥＋有机肥（PKM）共7个处理。【结果】经过30年不同施肥,土壤有效磷含量均呈上升趋势。M、NKM、NPK、NPM、NPKM和PKM处理土壤有效磷含量变化速率分别为0.18、0.20、0.83、1.35、1.46和1.62 mg·kg^-1·a^-1。M、NPK、PKM、NPM和NPKM处理土壤全磷增加速率分别约为4.3、15.4、16.0、18.3和22.9 mg·kg^-1·a^-1。所有施肥处理,土壤中磷素均有盈余,磷素盈余量与土壤有效磷增加量呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）,土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm^-2,M、NKM、NPM、NPKM、PKM和NPK6个处理的土壤有效磷含量分别增加0.4、0.7、1.9、2.1、2.2和3.2 mg·kg^-1。在土壤中磷素盈余量接近的情况下,单施化肥（NPK）的PAC显著高于单施有机肥（M）处理（P＜0.05）。【结论】化学磷肥和有机肥配施相比单施化肥或有机肥能够显著提高红壤性水稻土土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化效率。     

低共熔离子液体改性木质素-酚醛树脂的热解和热解动力学研究

采用氯化锌/乙酰胺低共熔离子液(DES)处理2种木质素,加水作为反相溶剂得到再生木质素。研究用其替代部分苯酚制备木质素改性酚醛树脂(LPF)的基本性能变化,结合热重分析法(TGA)分析树脂的热解特性,引入Flynn-WallOzawa模型量化了树脂的表观活化能。结果表明,经该DES处理前后的磨木木质素和酶解木质素均可在保持树脂基本性能稳定的前提下替代20%苯酚制备LPF。升温速率β影响树脂的热分解过程,4种LPF的初始分解温度、热解过程所需的活化能均高于未改性酚醛树脂(PF),特别是经氯化锌/L酰胺DES处理后的再生磨木木质素改性酚醛树脂(RMLPF),其热降解温度更高,残炭率更多,热解过程所需的活化能比PF高出2~4倍,热稳定性明显提高。     

Morphological and Proteomic Analyses Reveal that Unsaturated Guluronate Oligosaccharide Modulates Multiple Functional Pathways in Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells

Alginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from various species of marine brown algae. Alginate-derived guluronate oligosaccharide (GOS) obtained by enzymatic depolymerization has various pharmacological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that GOS can trigger the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by macrophages and that it is involved in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. To expand upon the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the GOS-induced immune response in macrophages, comparative proteomic analysis was employed together with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) and Western blot verification. Proteins showing significant differences in expression in GOS-treated cells were categorized into multiple functional pathways, including the NF-κB signaling pathway and pathways involved in inflammation, antioxidant activity, glycolysis, cytoskeletal processes and translational elongation. Moreover, GOS-stimulated changes in the morphologies and actin cytoskeleton organization of RAW264.7 cells were also investigated as possible adaptations to GOS. This study is the first to reveal GOS as a promising agent that can modulate the proper balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses, and it provides new insights into pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides.     

KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的研究

活性炭是一种疏松多孔的碳单质,具有吸附作用,已在诸多领域广泛应用,例如,食品加工、军事化学防护、环境保护等。针对沙柳枝木的利用现状,选取KOH为活化剂并且采用微波法制备沙柳枝木活性炭,研究了活化剂辐射时间、质量浓度、液料比、辐射功率、浸渍时间等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过对单因素试验结果的正交优化,得出活性炭制备的最佳方法如下：KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：液料比4:1、浸渍时间18 h、辐照功率560 W、辐照时间20 min,该工艺条件下所制备的活性炭成品碘吸附值为1011.01 mg/g,达到了GB/T 13803.2—1999中一级品标准。     

Hygroscopic salts support the stomatal penetration of glyphosate and influence its biological efficacy

The objective of this study was to better understand the role of chaotropic and kosmotropic salts in stomatal uptake, a process that occurs in parallel with cuticular penetration and affects the bioefficacy of glyphosate. In Trial 1, salt solutions of kosmotropic (NH₄)₂SO₄ and chaotropic NaClO₃, with or without the organosilicone surfactant, Break‐Thru® S233 (BT), and with or without glyphosate, were prepared. In Trial 2, sodium salts with a kosmotropic‐to‐chaotropic nature (Na₂SO₄, NaCl, NaNO₃ or NaClO₃) and BT were prepared with or without glyphosate. At very high concentrations, the salts of a kosmotropic nature induced a slight decrease in the surface tension, whereas those of a chaotropic nature triggered a significant decrease in the surface tension. Solution droplets were deposited onto the leaves of Viola arvensis and Chenopodium album. The dried deposits were analyzed with an environmental scanning electron microscope. The salts formed structures linking the exterior to the interior of the stomata in the crystalline ([NH₄]₂SO₄) or amorphous (NaClO₃) form. However, the low surface tension alone did not appear to be the unique driving force for stomatal uptake. With glyphosate, amorphous globular structures of glyphosate salt were formed in the Na₂SO₄ (kosmotropic) solution. Differently, the salts of a rather chaotropic nature (NaNO₃ or NaClO₃) formed a colloidal matrix. In general, salt residues were observed over the periclinal cell walls and inside the stomatal chamber. Neither (NH₄)₂SO₄ nor Na₂SO₄ had a significant impact on glyphosate bioefficacy. However, the chaotropic salt, NaNO₃, enhanced the bioefficacy of glyphosate the most, with a performance that was comparable to that of the solution glyphosate + organosilicone surfactant.