9种杀虫剂对日本壶链蚧的室内毒力研究

[目的]筛选防治日本壶链蚧的高效低毒杀虫剂.[方法]在室内条件下,采用叶片浸液法测定9种杀虫剂对日本壶链蚧1龄若虫的毒力.[结果]24 h后乐果乳油1000倍液的校正死亡率已达100％,与其他药剂差异显著;72 h后除阿维菌素乳油、吡虫啉可湿性粉剂的校正死亡率仍低于50％外,其他药剂的校正死亡率均在84％以上,表现出较高防效.[结论]以乐果乳油、噻嗪杀扑磷可湿性粉剂和农地乐乳油在24h内的药效毒力发挥最快,可望用于日本壶链蚧的有效防治.     

天津常见20种蝗虫的识别

列出了1999—2008年间采集的天津常见的20种类蝗虫:1.笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana、2.短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis、3.短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus、4.中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis、5.长翅素木蝗Shirakiacris shiraki、6.短角异斑腿蝗Xenocatantops brachycerus、7.东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis、8.大垫尖翅蝗Epacromius coerulipes、9.花胫绿纹蝗Ailopus tamulus、10.黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis、11.亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus decorus asiaticus、12.疣蝗Trilophidia annulata、13.红翅皱膝蝗Angaracris rhodopa、14.轮纹异痂蝗Bryodemella tuberculatum dilutum、15.条纹异爪蝗Euchorthippus unicolor、16.中华剑角蝗Acrida cimerea、17.线剑角蝗Acrida limeata、18.荒地剑角蝗Acrida oxycephala(Pallas,1771)、19.二色嘎蝗Gonista bicolor、20.日本蚱Tetrix japonicus Bolivar。列出了识别这些种类的检索表,比较了部分种类若虫之间的识别特征及部分种类的体色变化,为蝗虫类的研究与防治工作提供了参考。     

雅氏山蝉若虫在土壤中分布规律的初步研究

在同一地区选择不同类型的4块标准地,进行雅氏山蝉若虫分布的研究.通过对垂直、水平及不同方位上土壤的抽样调查,分析了雅氏山蝉若虫在不同土壤深度、不同水平距离和不同方位上的分布规律.结果表明,4块标准地的垂直、水平和不同方位上的分布变化差异均不显著;若虫在土壤中分布表现为"聚表性"和"离心性".     

悬铃木方翅网蝽若虫密度对其繁殖力的影响

研究了室温条件下悬铃木方翅网蝽(Corythucha ciliata(Say))若虫密度与其羽化成虫的性比、寿命和产卵量的关系,发现若虫饲养密度与性别分化和成虫寿命无显著关联,而对单雌产卵量有一定影响,10头若虫/叶时的单雌产卵量最高,达到171.8675粒/♀,显著高于2～4头若虫/叶的95.3333～100.1250粒/♀。     

橄榄星室木虱若虫的空间分布型研究

文章通过对橄榄星室木虱若虫在田间的空间分布状态的调查和分析,指出橄榄星室木虱若虫在林间呈聚集分布,而其种群的聚集是由于其自身的特性与环境因素的差异性共同作用所致.橄榄星室木虱若虫在橄榄树冠上、下层之间或同一复叶不同区段之间的虫口密度差异不显著;而在同一叶片正反面的差异极显著,叶片背面的虫口密度比正面的大许多.     

社会资本视角下农村“失独家庭”养老问题研究

从社会资本的角度,通过运用和强化农村中蕴藏的丰富社会资本,在社会化养老现阶段尚未普及的情况下对农村"失独家庭"的养老问题进行了分析,以期为相关机构提供一些有益的借鉴。     

安徽省城镇化发展与农村养老问题研究

随着城镇化水平的不断提升,农村青壮年人口的大量迁移严重影响着农村地区的人口结构。统计数据和预测表明未来安徽省的老年问题的重点是农村养老问题。一方面是安徽省城镇化发展将进入高速通道,另一方面安徽人口老龄化的加速发展。双重压力下传统家庭养老和社会化养老均出现新的挑战。对在家庭养老、机构养老、养老保险制度、养老政策法规等方面提出的建议将有助于农村养老问题的解决。     

Seasonal Changes in the Caste Distribution of Foraging Populations of Formosan Subterranean Termite in New Orleans,Louisiana

This study examined the relationship between temperature, precipitation, soil composition, levels of feeding damage, and the caste distribution (workers, soldiers, nymphs) of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected in underground monitoring stations over a 12 mo period. Because nymphs are the caste that develops into alates, the seasonal abundance of nymphs was examined over a 5 yr period. Numbers of workers, soldiers, and soldier/worker ratio were significantly affected by month. Recruitment and retention of foraging termites in stations was significantly affected by the level of feeding damage. The number of nymphs collected in monitoring stations was highly variable. In the 12 mo test, there was a significant correlation between numbers of nymphs and level of feeding damage, temperature, precipitation, and soil composition. Over a 5 yr period, significantly more nymphs were collected in 2011 than in 2007 and 2008. Peak nymph collections varied from year to year. Overall, peak nymph collections were more likely to occur in Mar., Sept., and Oct. Increasing our knowledge of the environmental factors that influence recruitment and retention of foraging termites in monitoring stations could influence termite bait placement and improve baiting strategies for termite control. Identifying the key factors that cause aggregations of nymphs in underground stations could increase our ability to predict the intensity and location of alate swarms.     

Immunoprotective Efficacy of a Purified 39 kDa Nymphal Antigen of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum

Soluble nymphal antigens (HNAg) were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled with immunoglobulin ligands from animals immunized with HNAg and 69–71% protected against challenge infestations, and 8% recovery of the purified protein (Aff-HNAg) was obtained. Following immunization of crossbred calves (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) with 1600 g of Aff-HNAg in three divided doses, significant rejections of larvae (p<0.001, 84.2%), nymphs (p<0.05, 61.4%) and adults (p<0.05, 58.7%) were recorded. No significant changes were recorded in the engorgement weights of the larvae and nymphs, but there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the weight of the engorged adults. Immunization conferred a significant decrease in the numbers of resultant nymphs (p<0.001) and adults (p<0.001) that had fed on the immunized animals. SDS-PAGE analysis identified a 39 kDa protein, previously isolated from larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, as the antigen responsible for the induction of resistance against all the stages of the tick.     

阿尔及利亚的绿蝽象的发生与防治研究

绿蝽象(Nezara、iridula L.)是阿尔及利亚大豆生产上危害严重的害虫之一。绿蝽象除危害大豆外,还危害菜豆、蕃茄、黄瓜、冬瓜、白菜、紫云英和苋菜、龙葵,曼陀萝等多种作物和植物,根据169头成虫分析,雌雄性比为1:1;绿色型、镶边型与黄带型的自然比例分别为52.7％、33.1％和14.2％。调查32个卵块,平均母块卵里有卵92.76粒;7月份由卵发育成成虫的历期23天,详述了各龄若虫的形态、习性及其历期。温度高、湿度大和寄主生长繁茂时,则虫量大且危害重。倍硫磷、甲基1605和灵丹份对大豆无药害但药效好;倍硫磷的400倍可液兼治红蜘蛛,200倍液可兼治斜纹夜蛾,拖拉机牵引喷药机械施药,比人工施药速度快、省药且防效好。